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Cancer in Developing Countries
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Cancer in Developing Countries

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Questions and Answers

Which virus is responsible for Kaposi's sarcoma?

  • Human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV-1
  • Human papillomavirus (HPV
  • Epstein-Barr virus (EBV
  • Kaposi's sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV (correct)

    • Which types of cancers are associated with high-risk HPV infections?

  • Pancreatic and bladder cancers
  • Breast and ovarian cancers
  • Cervical, anal, and head and neck cancers (correct)
  • Lung and liver cancers

    • What is the primary cause of distal gastric carcinoma?

  • Alcohol consumption
  • Helicobacter pylori infection (correct)
  • Tobacco use
  • Salted, pickled, or nitrate-preserved foods

    • What percentage of cancer deaths are attributed to tobacco use?

    <p>22%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which parasitic infection is associated with the most common childhood malignancy in the Burkitt's lymphoma belt?

    <p>Plasmodium falciparum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which viruses are major risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma?

    <p>Hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage of cancer deaths that are expected to occur in developing nations in 2018, based on data presented in Fig. 23.1?

    <p>70%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is KSHV transmitted?

    <p>Through saliva, sexual intercourse, and transfusions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common way to acquire HPV?

    <p>Through skin-to-skin contact</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which virus causes an increase in viral burden and numbers of infected B cells in the Burkitt's lymphoma belt?

    <p>EBV</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main route of transmission for HBV in endemic regions?

    <p>Maternal-child transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the prevalence rate of H. pylori infection in developing nations?

    <p>Very high</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which age group does the peak incidence of cancer occur in developing countries?

    <p>40-45 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which global initiative aims to reduce smoking prevalence rates?

    <p>The WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does HBV induce genetic instability?

    <p>It integrates into the host genome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the global rate of cancers attributable to infection, as per the data presented in Fig. 23.2?

    <p>15.4%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage of infected persons who remain asymptomatic?

    <p>100%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of HIV in high-risk HPV infections?

    <p>It can accelerate the progression of HPV-related cancers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which virus causes nasopharyngeal carcinoma?

    <p>EBV</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which genus of trematodes is associated with SCC of the bladder?

    <p>Schistosoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which health issue is linked to several types of cancer and is rapidly increasing in developing nations?

    <p>Obesity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the lifetime risk for ATLL in infected persons?

    <p>2% to 5%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can reduce the risk of obesity-induced cancers?

    <p>Intentional weight loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which parasitic infection is potentially oncogenic and can induce cholangiocarcinoma (CCA)?

    <p>Clonorchis sinensis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended HPV screening and treatment strategy for older women?

    <p>Rapid HPV testing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a risk factor for HCC in sub-Saharan Africa and Southeast Asia?

    <p>Aflatoxin exposure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What exacerbates the oxidative damage done by H. pylori, causing loss of mucous glands?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the risk factors associated with penile cancer?

    <p>HPV, HIV, tobacco, UV exposure, and poor hygiene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are common symptoms of advanced stage HCC?

    <p>Weight loss and abdominal pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is HTLV-1 transmitted?

    <p>Through saliva, sexual intercourse, and transfusions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common childhood malignancy in the Burkitt's lymphoma belt?

    <p>Endemic Burkitt's lymphoma (eBL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the less common malignancy caused by H. pylori?

    <p>Gastric MALT</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is required for successful management of cancer?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the efficacy rate of the oral vaccine tested in China after 3 years?

    <p>56%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common symptom of nasopharyngeal carcinoma?

    <p>Nasal discharge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which prevention strategy is recommended for neonates to reduce the risk of HBV infection?

    <p>Universal childhood vaccination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which parasitic infection is associated with an increased risk of developing cancer?

    <p>None of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the rare malignancy associated with high-risk HPV, UV exposure, and HIV-induced immune suppression?

    <p>Squamous cell carcinoma of the conjunctiva</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some of the consequences of inadequate resources and infrastructure for cancer management in developing nations?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which virus is associated with an increase in the number of infected B cells?

    <p>EBV</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which age group is recommended to receive HPV vaccination?

    <p>Pre-teen girls</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which viruses are capable of replication within B cells and increase the risk of NHL?

    <p>HBV and HCV</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of HIV co-infection in the development of Kaposi's sarcoma?

    <p>It increases the risk of developing Kaposi's sarcoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What research efforts are focused on to identify persons who remain at risk for gastric cancer after H. pylori eradication?

    <p>Biomarkers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can significantly reduce the risk of cancer?

    <p>Both A and B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Is there a vaccine for HTLV-1?

    <p>No, there is no vaccine available</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cancer is associated with Schistosoma haematobium?

    <p>SCC of the bladder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can help address the unmet needs across the cancer management continuum in developing nations?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

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    Description

    "Test Your Knowledge on Cancer in Developing Countries: Understanding the Challenges and Priorities" - Take this quiz to learn about the impact of cancer on countries with low human development indices, and the challenges they face in addressing this disease. Explore the latest data and statistics, and discover why cancer may not be a priority in some regions. With a focus on developing countries, this quiz will deepen your understanding of the global cancer burden and the need for targeted interventions.

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