Cancer Epidemiology and Risk Factors Quiz

Which factors can contribute to cancer risk?

What are some established environmental risk factors for cancer?

Which age group is most likely to develop carcinomas?

What is the possible explanation for the increased risk of cancer in adults older than age 55?

Which acquired conditions can increase the risk of cancer?

Why is cancer risk increased in individuals with chronic inflammatory diseases?

Which of the following is NOT an established environmental risk factor for cancer?

What is the Warburg effect?

Which of the following is a hallmark of cancer?

Which book is mentioned as a reference for pathology concepts?

Which of the following is a risk factor for the development of malignant tumors?

What is the process by which one differentiated somatic cell is replaced with another?

Which of the following is an example of metaplasia?

Why are immunodeficient patients at an increased risk for cancer?

What is the term for localized morphologic changes in epithelial tissue that increase the risk of malignant transformation?

Which of the following is an example of dysplasia?

What is the term for the increase in the number of normal cells in a tissue?

What is the process by which cells repair tissue damage caused by chronic inflammatory diseases?

What can activated immune cells produce that can damage DNA and lead to carcinogenesis?

What can inflammatory mediators produced by immune cells promote in cells, which prevents apoptosis?

Multiple factors can contribute to cancer risk, including environmental risk factors and acquired conditions.

Established environmental risk factors for cancer include radiation, certain chemicals, and UV radiation.

Adults older than 55 are most likely to develop carcinomas, likely due to the accumulation of genetic mutations over time.
The risk of cancer increases with age, particularly after age 55.

Acquired conditions, such as chronic inflammatory diseases, can increase the risk of cancer.
Chronic inflammatory diseases increase the risk of cancer due to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and chronic DNA damage.

Immunodeficient patients are at an increased risk for cancer due to their inability to combat cancer cells effectively.

Metaplasia is the process by which one differentiated somatic cell is replaced with another.
Dysplasia is an example of localized morphologic changes in epithelial tissue that increase the risk of malignant transformation.
Hyperplasia is the term for the increase in the number of normal cells in a tissue.

Chronic inflammatory diseases can lead to tissue damage, which is repaired through cellular processes.
Activated immune cells can produce reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can damage DNA and lead to carcinogenesis.
Inflammatory mediators produced by immune cells can promote cellular proliferation, preventing apoptosis and increasing the risk of cancer.

The Warburg effect is a hallmark of cancer, where malignant cells exhibit altered metabolic activity.
Another hallmark of cancer is the ability to evade apoptosis.
"Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease" is a reference book for pathology concepts.