Cancer colorectal en Tunisie - Quiz

3 cases per 100,000 men and 2.6 per 100,000 women in Tunisia.

1.2; more men than women are affected.

Average age of 60 years old, but 30% of cases are in people younger than 40.

Diagnosis involves a physical exam, colonoscopy, and biopsy.

Usually involves a combination of local treatments like radiation and surgical procedures.

Better patient adherence and greater effectiveness.

Global 50% survival rate.

Majority of cases involve surgery, which can be a mutilating treatment.

The external anal sphincter relaxes under voluntary control, allowing the opening of the anus and the evacuation of stool.

The rectum is between 12-14 centimeters long, from the sigmoid colon (S3) to the pelvic floor (levator muscles).

The rectum has three parts: upper rectum (partially peritoneal), middle/lower rectum (retroperitoneal).

Rectal lymphatic drainage follows the superior & middle hemorrhoidal pedicles to pararectal nodes, then inferior mesenteric pedicle to pre-aortic nodes.

Rectal examination, performed with an empty rectum, is crucial to locate, evaluate, and assess the mobility of tumors within the pelvis.

A procedure used to examine the rectum and lower part of the colon.

A multi-step process involving patient history (symptoms), physical exam, and a colonoscopy for biopsy.

A type of malignancy, most often seen type of rectal cancer (95%).

Determining the extent of cancer's spread.

Assessing cancer's spread in the nearby body area. (e.g surrounding tissues)

Factors like diet high in fat and meat, low in fruits and vegetables, inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), hereditary predisposition (familial adenomatous polyposis, Lynch syndrome), age (over 50), and alcohol/tobacco use are linked to increased colon cancer risk.

A diet high in saturated fats and red meat, paired with a low intake of fruits and vegetables, increases the risk of colon cancer.

Conditions like Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis (UC) significantly increase colon cancer risk due to chronic inflammation in the intestinal tract.

Genetic conditions like familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) and Lynch syndrome increase a person's likelihood of developing colon cancer.

Colon cancer risk rises significantly with age, with the majority of cases occurring in individuals over 50 years old.

Alcohol and tobacco consumption increase risk of colon cancer.

A family history of colon or rectal cancer is a risk factor and increases the chance of developing the disease.

The rectum stores stool before evacuation, and the process of bowel movement involves relaxation of the internal sphincter.

A system for classifying the extent of cancer, considering tumor size (T), lymph node involvement (N), and the presence of distant metastasis (M).

Describe the depth of rectal cancer invasion.

Describe involvement of nearby lymph nodes.

Indicates the presence of distant metastasis (cancer spreading to other parts of the body).

A precise way to deliver radiation therapy to target cancerous cells while minimizing damage to healthy surrounding tissue.

Gross Tumor Volume: The area of the tumor that can be seen or felt.

Clinically Targeted Volume: The possible cancer spread beyond what can be seen (microscopically affected areas).

Planning Target Volume: Accounted volume that includes the GTV, CTVT and a margin to account for uncertainty in tumor placement and patient movement during treatment.

The organs most likely to be affected by radiation, such as the bladder (vessie) and intestines (intestin).

A type of radiotherapy treatment that uses a 3-dimensional model of the tumor to calculate the radiation doses.

A faster radiotherapy treatment method, delivering a large dose in fewer fractions (doses).

Imaging technique used to evaluate the movement of targeted volumes, particularly considering the fullness of risk organs.

A common treatment where radiation is directed from an external device to the tumor.

Tumor location below the peritoneum, affecting the lower and middle rectum.

Short-term side effects of radiotherapy, like inflammation of the intestines and bladder.

Long-term side effects of radiotherapy, including tissue damage, scarring, and narrowing of organs.

Processes to ensure accurate radiation delivery to the target. It is done using imaging like Xray or CT.

Surgical procedures, including conservative and mutilating options, are essential techniques for treating rectal cancer.