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Questions and Answers
What is one potential risk associated with surgery for tumor removal?
What is one potential risk associated with surgery for tumor removal?
What is the purpose of radiation therapy in cancer treatment?
What is the purpose of radiation therapy in cancer treatment?
What is the term used for a lab test that indicates the suitability of a patient for targeted therapy?
What is the term used for a lab test that indicates the suitability of a patient for targeted therapy?
What type of radiation therapy involves placing radiation sources directly into the body?
What type of radiation therapy involves placing radiation sources directly into the body?
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What is typically required after surgical tumor removal to aid recovery?
What is typically required after surgical tumor removal to aid recovery?
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Why is it important to minimize exposure to normal tissues during radiation therapy?
Why is it important to minimize exposure to normal tissues during radiation therapy?
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What does surgery for tumor treatment often require after resection?
What does surgery for tumor treatment often require after resection?
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What factor is considered when determining the radiation dose for a tumor?
What factor is considered when determining the radiation dose for a tumor?
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What is the purpose of neoadjuvant therapy in cancer treatment?
What is the purpose of neoadjuvant therapy in cancer treatment?
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Which of the following accurately describes chemotherapy?
Which of the following accurately describes chemotherapy?
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What is the most common method of administering chemotherapy?
What is the most common method of administering chemotherapy?
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Why might patients receiving chemotherapy experience hair loss?
Why might patients receiving chemotherapy experience hair loss?
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Which treatment option is NOT considered a route for chemotherapy administration?
Which treatment option is NOT considered a route for chemotherapy administration?
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What is the role of intra-arterial therapy in cancer treatment?
What is the role of intra-arterial therapy in cancer treatment?
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Which cancers are typically treated with chemotherapy?
Which cancers are typically treated with chemotherapy?
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What can result from the systemic nature of chemotherapy in patients?
What can result from the systemic nature of chemotherapy in patients?
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What is the primary purpose of medications used to control irregular heart rhythms?
What is the primary purpose of medications used to control irregular heart rhythms?
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Which period represents when the cardiac cell is completely unresponsive to any stimulus?
Which period represents when the cardiac cell is completely unresponsive to any stimulus?
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What does an echocardiogram evaluate?
What does an echocardiogram evaluate?
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What is the significance of the relatively refractory period?
What is the significance of the relatively refractory period?
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Which diagnostic tool provides a non-invasive way to assess the heart's size and shape?
Which diagnostic tool provides a non-invasive way to assess the heart's size and shape?
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What imaging technique uses a small amount of radioactive material to evaluate blood flow to the heart?
What imaging technique uses a small amount of radioactive material to evaluate blood flow to the heart?
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Which statement about the electrocardiogram (ECG) is correct?
Which statement about the electrocardiogram (ECG) is correct?
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What best describes the use of a treadmill during a cardiac stress test?
What best describes the use of a treadmill during a cardiac stress test?
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Study Notes
Cancer Care Overview
- Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide, a malignant transformation of cells caused by carcinogens.
- Carcinogens include sun exposure, tobacco, excessive alcohol, chemicals (Agent Orange, asbestos, benzene), and radiation.
- Carcinogens damage DNA, causing mutations that can lead to malignant cell transformation.
- Exposure to carcinogens does not automatically cause cancer; it's the initiation and promotion of cancer involving molecular changes after exposure.
Incident of Cancer
- 78% of US cancer cases are in adults aged 55 or older.
- Worldwide, common cancers include lung, breast, colorectal, stomach, and prostate.
Cancer Risk Factors
- Genetics: Age, race, and genetic predispositions increase cancer susceptibility due to reduced immune response over time.
- Nutrition/Lifestyle: GERD (esophageal cancer), obesity (multiple cancers), sexual lifestyle (ovarian or pelvic cancer), sun/radiation exposure, tobacco (linked to 20 cancer types), and alcohol increase cancer risk.
- Immune Function: Chronic tissue irritation, trauma, and exposure to certain viruses/bacteria can increase risk.
- Living Conditions: Poverty, air pollution, and occupational hazards also contribute to cancer risk.
Carcinogenesis
- Carcinogen exposure triggers genetic mutations.
- The immune system usually detects these mutations and initiates cell death.
- If the immune system fails to identify these mutations, cells can continue to replicate, which leads to uncontrolled cellular growth and cancer.
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Description
Explore the critical aspects of cancer care, including the various carcinogens that contribute to cancer development and the demographics most affected. Understand the crucial cancer risk factors, such as genetics and lifestyle choices, that influence cancer susceptibility worldwide.
