Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following is considered a primary lifestyle-related risk factor for the development of cancer?
Which of the following is considered a primary lifestyle-related risk factor for the development of cancer?
- Radon exposure
- Genetic predisposition
- Exposure to viruses
- Poor diet and physical inactivity (correct)
The pathophysiology of cancer is primarily driven by alterations in which of the following?
The pathophysiology of cancer is primarily driven by alterations in which of the following?
- DNA structure and function (correct)
- Protein synthesis
- Cellular respiration
- Lipid metabolism
A patient newly diagnosed with cancer expresses a desire to understand their prognosis better. Which of the following approaches is most appropriate for the healthcare provider?
A patient newly diagnosed with cancer expresses a desire to understand their prognosis better. Which of the following approaches is most appropriate for the healthcare provider?
- Sharing personal anecdotes about other patients with similar diagnoses to foster hope.
- Providing a broad overview of cancer statistics without focusing on specific details.
- Avoiding direct discussion of prognosis to prevent causing undue anxiety.
- Offering a detailed explanation of the expected course of the illness, including potential outcomes, based on available data. (correct)
A patient presents with a tumor that is 3 cm in diameter, and no lymph node involvement or distant metastasis are identified. According to the TNM staging system, this tumor would most likely be classified as which stage?
A patient presents with a tumor that is 3 cm in diameter, and no lymph node involvement or distant metastasis are identified. According to the TNM staging system, this tumor would most likely be classified as which stage?
In the context of cancer statistics, which types of cancer are typically excluded from incidence and mortality calculations?
In the context of cancer statistics, which types of cancer are typically excluded from incidence and mortality calculations?
Mutations leading to the activation of oncogenes and inactivation of tumor suppressor genes are critical events in cancer development. Which of the following best describes the typical function of tumor suppressor genes?
Mutations leading to the activation of oncogenes and inactivation of tumor suppressor genes are critical events in cancer development. Which of the following best describes the typical function of tumor suppressor genes?
Which of the following statements best reflects the impact of facing one's own mortality, as expressed by Paul Kalanithi?
Which of the following statements best reflects the impact of facing one's own mortality, as expressed by Paul Kalanithi?
Unexplained weight loss, fatigue, and fever are best described as which type of cancer symptoms?
Unexplained weight loss, fatigue, and fever are best described as which type of cancer symptoms?
A patient presents with persistent hoarseness. This symptom is most concerning for which of the following types of cancer?
A patient presents with persistent hoarseness. This symptom is most concerning for which of the following types of cancer?
A researcher aims to analyze trends in cancer incidence over the next decade. Which source would provide the most relevant data for this analysis?
A researcher aims to analyze trends in cancer incidence over the next decade. Which source would provide the most relevant data for this analysis?
According to the TNM staging system, Stage II-III cancers are characterized by:
According to the TNM staging system, Stage II-III cancers are characterized by:
A 50-year-old male with no significant past medical history is diagnosed with prostate cancer. He is distraught and insists on aggressive treatment despite the oncologist's recommendation for active surveillance due to the cancer's low-risk characteristics. Which ethical principle is most directly challenged by the patient's insistence on treatment?
A 50-year-old male with no significant past medical history is diagnosed with prostate cancer. He is distraught and insists on aggressive treatment despite the oncologist's recommendation for active surveillance due to the cancer's low-risk characteristics. Which ethical principle is most directly challenged by the patient's insistence on treatment?
The definitive diagnosis of cancer is primarily established through which of the following methods?
The definitive diagnosis of cancer is primarily established through which of the following methods?
According to the projected cancer statistics for 2025, what types of cancer are typically excluded from incidence and mortality calculations?
According to the projected cancer statistics for 2025, what types of cancer are typically excluded from incidence and mortality calculations?
In Paul Kalanithi's reflection on facing mortality, which aspect remained unchanged despite his cancer diagnosis?
In Paul Kalanithi's reflection on facing mortality, which aspect remained unchanged despite his cancer diagnosis?
If a healthcare provider is seeking the most up-to-date data on estimated cancer deaths in the United States for 2025, which source would be most appropriate?
If a healthcare provider is seeking the most up-to-date data on estimated cancer deaths in the United States for 2025, which source would be most appropriate?
Paul Kalanithi's quote, 'The problem wasn’t really a scientific one,' suggests what about the experience of facing death?
Paul Kalanithi's quote, 'The problem wasn’t really a scientific one,' suggests what about the experience of facing death?
Which statement, reflecting Kalanithi's perspective, captures the paradoxical impact of confronting one's own mortality?
Which statement, reflecting Kalanithi's perspective, captures the paradoxical impact of confronting one's own mortality?
A patient presents with melena. Which type of cancer should be initially suspected?
A patient presents with melena. Which type of cancer should be initially suspected?
Which of the following factors is least likely to be a direct cause of somatic DNA alterations leading to cancer?
Which of the following factors is least likely to be a direct cause of somatic DNA alterations leading to cancer?
A patient is diagnosed with a tumor that is staged as Tis, N0, M0. According to the TNM staging system, what does 'Tis' indicate?
A patient is diagnosed with a tumor that is staged as Tis, N0, M0. According to the TNM staging system, what does 'Tis' indicate?
Which of the following diagnostic methods provides the most definitive confirmation of a suspected cancerous lesion?
Which of the following diagnostic methods provides the most definitive confirmation of a suspected cancerous lesion?
Which of the following is the most appropriate initial imaging modality for staging a newly diagnosed case of locally advanced cervical cancer?
Which of the following is the most appropriate initial imaging modality for staging a newly diagnosed case of locally advanced cervical cancer?
A researcher is conducting a study on the genetic mutations associated with pancreatic cancer. Which of the following genes is most likely to be found mutated in a significant majority of pancreatic cancer cases?
A researcher is conducting a study on the genetic mutations associated with pancreatic cancer. Which of the following genes is most likely to be found mutated in a significant majority of pancreatic cancer cases?
A patient presents with persistent dysphagia and unintentional weight loss. Further examination reveals a mass in the esophagus. Which of the following factors would most strongly suggest that the patient's condition is cancerous rather than benign?
A patient presents with persistent dysphagia and unintentional weight loss. Further examination reveals a mass in the esophagus. Which of the following factors would most strongly suggest that the patient's condition is cancerous rather than benign?
A 68-year-old male with a history of smoking presents with hemoptysis and persistent cough. Chest imaging reveals a 4 cm mass in the lung with ipsilateral hilar lymph node involvement, but no evidence of distant metastasis. Which of the following TNM classifications most accurately represents this scenario?
A 68-year-old male with a history of smoking presents with hemoptysis and persistent cough. Chest imaging reveals a 4 cm mass in the lung with ipsilateral hilar lymph node involvement, but no evidence of distant metastasis. Which of the following TNM classifications most accurately represents this scenario?
Which genetic alteration is present in more than 95% of pancreatic cancers?
Which genetic alteration is present in more than 95% of pancreatic cancers?
A 45-year-old male presents with hematochezia and unintentional weight loss. Which tumor marker is most appropriate to evaluate for a potential diagnosis of colon cancer?
A 45-year-old male presents with hematochezia and unintentional weight loss. Which tumor marker is most appropriate to evaluate for a potential diagnosis of colon cancer?
Which of the following is NOT a common sign of cancer?
Which of the following is NOT a common sign of cancer?
A biopsy confirms breast cancer with lymph node involvement and a tumor size of 3 cm. According to staging guidelines, what is the correct classification?
A biopsy confirms breast cancer with lymph node involvement and a tumor size of 3 cm. According to staging guidelines, what is the correct classification?
All of the following are complications of cancer EXCEPT:
All of the following are complications of cancer EXCEPT:
Which chemotherapy agent is associated with pulmonary fibrosis as its primary toxicity?
Which chemotherapy agent is associated with pulmonary fibrosis as its primary toxicity?
Why do mutations in tumor suppressor genes contribute to cancer progression?
Why do mutations in tumor suppressor genes contribute to cancer progression?
Which cancer screening test should be performed annually for patients aged 50-80 with a 20 pack-year smoking history?
Which cancer screening test should be performed annually for patients aged 50-80 with a 20 pack-year smoking history?
Which tumor marker is most commonly used to screen patients with suspected hepatocellular carcinoma?
Which tumor marker is most commonly used to screen patients with suspected hepatocellular carcinoma?
A 60-year-old woman presents with breast cancer and is considering adjuvant therapy. Which statement best describes adjuvant therapy?
A 60-year-old woman presents with breast cancer and is considering adjuvant therapy. Which statement best describes adjuvant therapy?
Which chemotherapy side effect is correctly matched with its drug?
Which chemotherapy side effect is correctly matched with its drug?
A transgender woman with 6 years of estrogen therapy should follow breast cancer screening guidelines starting at what age?
A transgender woman with 6 years of estrogen therapy should follow breast cancer screening guidelines starting at what age?
Which of the following cancers is associated with tumor marker CA 19-9?
Which of the following cancers is associated with tumor marker CA 19-9?
A 52-year-old male with jaundice, weight loss, and an elevated AFP level is suspected to have which type of cancer?
A 52-year-old male with jaundice, weight loss, and an elevated AFP level is suspected to have which type of cancer?
Which cancer staging category indicates the presence of distant metastases?
Which cancer staging category indicates the presence of distant metastases?
Which somatic DNA alteration results in unrestrained proliferation and is present in more than 40% of colon cancers?
Which somatic DNA alteration results in unrestrained proliferation and is present in more than 40% of colon cancers?
A 60-year-old man presents with persistent cough and hemoptysis. Which diagnostic imaging is most appropriate to evaluate for lung cancer?
A 60-year-old man presents with persistent cough and hemoptysis. Which diagnostic imaging is most appropriate to evaluate for lung cancer?
Which of the following is NOT a typical complication of cancer?
Which of the following is NOT a typical complication of cancer?
A patient diagnosed with breast cancer has a tumor measuring 4 cm and positive lymph nodes. Which stage is this classified as?
A patient diagnosed with breast cancer has a tumor measuring 4 cm and positive lymph nodes. Which stage is this classified as?
Which cancer treatment is used before surgery to shrink the tumor?
Which cancer treatment is used before surgery to shrink the tumor?
A mutation in which type of gene leads to a loss of regulation in cell division due to impaired DNA repair?
A mutation in which type of gene leads to a loss of regulation in cell division due to impaired DNA repair?
Which tumor marker is used for monitoring ovarian cancer?
Which tumor marker is used for monitoring ovarian cancer?
Which chemotherapy agent can cause dilated cardiomyopathy as a side effect?
Which chemotherapy agent can cause dilated cardiomyopathy as a side effect?
A 65-year-old male with a history of smoking presents for lung cancer screening. Which criterion would disqualify him from annual low-dose CT scans?
A 65-year-old male with a history of smoking presents for lung cancer screening. Which criterion would disqualify him from annual low-dose CT scans?
Which screening recommendation is INCORRECT?
Which screening recommendation is INCORRECT?
Which combination of laboratory findings is characteristic of tumor lysis syndrome?
Which combination of laboratory findings is characteristic of tumor lysis syndrome?
Which of the following is a key diagnostic test for confirming hepatocellular carcinoma in high-risk patients?
Which of the following is a key diagnostic test for confirming hepatocellular carcinoma in high-risk patients?
A 50-year-old man presents with changes in bowel habits and melena. What is the most appropriate initial screening test for colon cancer?
A 50-year-old man presents with changes in bowel habits and melena. What is the most appropriate initial screening test for colon cancer?
Which treatment approach is used after surgery to eliminate residual cancer cells?
Which treatment approach is used after surgery to eliminate residual cancer cells?
Which tumor marker is associated with testicular non-seminomas?
Which tumor marker is associated with testicular non-seminomas?
A 65-year-old woman with a history of breast cancer presents with shortness of breath and distant metastases confirmed on PET scan. Which stage is this classified as?
A 65-year-old woman with a history of breast cancer presents with shortness of breath and distant metastases confirmed on PET scan. Which stage is this classified as?
Which of the following is NOT a typical cause of cancer?
Which of the following is NOT a typical cause of cancer?
A patient presents with persistent dysphagia. Which type of cancer should be considered?
A patient presents with persistent dysphagia. Which type of cancer should be considered?
All of the following are screening recommendations for colon cancer EXCEPT:
All of the following are screening recommendations for colon cancer EXCEPT:
Which chemotherapy agent is associated with hemorrhagic cystitis?
Which chemotherapy agent is associated with hemorrhagic cystitis?
Which process is disrupted when an oncogene is activated?
Which process is disrupted when an oncogene is activated?
Which symptom is specific to bladder or prostate cancer?
Which symptom is specific to bladder or prostate cancer?
Which of the following is a primary diagnostic tool for solid tumor cancers?
Which of the following is a primary diagnostic tool for solid tumor cancers?
A 45-year-old male with a 20-pack-year smoking history who quit 12 years ago presents for lung cancer screening. What is the appropriate recommendation?
A 45-year-old male with a 20-pack-year smoking history who quit 12 years ago presents for lung cancer screening. What is the appropriate recommendation?
Which of the following is NOT a typical emergency complication of cancer?
Which of the following is NOT a typical emergency complication of cancer?
Which tumor marker is associated with pancreatic cancer?
Which tumor marker is associated with pancreatic cancer?
A 52-year-old woman presents with a thickening in her breast tissue. Which diagnostic imaging is most appropriate?
A 52-year-old woman presents with a thickening in her breast tissue. Which diagnostic imaging is most appropriate?
A 70-year-old man presents with fatigue, weight loss, and hematuria. Which tumor marker should be tested?
A 70-year-old man presents with fatigue, weight loss, and hematuria. Which tumor marker should be tested?
Which treatment approach directly targets specific proteins involved in cancer growth?
Which treatment approach directly targets specific proteins involved in cancer growth?
Which oncogene mutation is present in over 95% of pancreatic cancers and 40% of colon cancers?
Which oncogene mutation is present in over 95% of pancreatic cancers and 40% of colon cancers?
A 68-year-old man with a history of smoking presents with hemoptysis and weight loss. Imaging shows a lung mass, and biopsy confirms lung cancer. Which complication is he at greatest risk of developing?
A 68-year-old man with a history of smoking presents with hemoptysis and weight loss. Imaging shows a lung mass, and biopsy confirms lung cancer. Which complication is he at greatest risk of developing?
A 35-year-old woman presents with a breast mass measuring 4.5 cm and positive axillary lymph nodes. Which stage does this represent?
A 35-year-old woman presents with a breast mass measuring 4.5 cm and positive axillary lymph nodes. Which stage does this represent?
Which of the following is NOT a complication of tumor lysis syndrome?
Which of the following is NOT a complication of tumor lysis syndrome?
Which chemotherapy agent is most likely to cause nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, and neurotoxicity?
Which chemotherapy agent is most likely to cause nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, and neurotoxicity?
A mutation in which type of gene leads to uncontrolled cell proliferation due to loss of growth regulation?
A mutation in which type of gene leads to uncontrolled cell proliferation due to loss of growth regulation?
Which tumor marker is used for detecting hepatocellular carcinoma?
Which tumor marker is used for detecting hepatocellular carcinoma?
Which screening test is recommended annually for adults aged 50 to 80 with a 20-pack-year smoking history who have quit within the last 15 years?
Which screening test is recommended annually for adults aged 50 to 80 with a 20-pack-year smoking history who have quit within the last 15 years?
A 45-year-old man presents with changes in bowel habits and hematochezia. Which tumor marker should be tested to aid in diagnosis?
A 45-year-old man presents with changes in bowel habits and hematochezia. Which tumor marker should be tested to aid in diagnosis?
Which of the following is NOT a screening recommendation for cervical cancer?
Which of the following is NOT a screening recommendation for cervical cancer?
Which of the following tumor markers is associated with pancreatic cancer?
Which of the following tumor markers is associated with pancreatic cancer?
Which imaging modality is used to evaluate bone metastases in cancer patients?
Which imaging modality is used to evaluate bone metastases in cancer patients?
A 50-year-old transgender woman undergoing estrogen therapy for 6 years is due for breast cancer screening. What is the appropriate recommendation?
A 50-year-old transgender woman undergoing estrogen therapy for 6 years is due for breast cancer screening. What is the appropriate recommendation?
Which cancer treatment is used after surgical removal of the tumor to eliminate residual cancer cells?
Which cancer treatment is used after surgical removal of the tumor to eliminate residual cancer cells?
Flashcards
What is Cancer?
What is Cancer?
Uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells.
Cancer Statistics Relevance
Cancer Statistics Relevance
Estimates new cancer cases in the US, excluding some skin cancers and in situ carcinomas.
Cancer Mortality Tracking
Cancer Mortality Tracking
Tracks estimated cancer deaths in the US.
Impact of Mortality
Impact of Mortality
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Cancer Information Resources
Cancer Information Resources
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Common Cancer Causes
Common Cancer Causes
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Cancer Pathophysiology
Cancer Pathophysiology
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General Cancer Signs/Symptoms
General Cancer Signs/Symptoms
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Cancer-Specific Symptoms
Cancer-Specific Symptoms
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Cancer Diagnosis
Cancer Diagnosis
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TNM Cancer Staging
TNM Cancer Staging
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Key Cancer Stages
Key Cancer Stages
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Cancer Stage II and III
Cancer Stage II and III
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Cancer's Impact
Cancer's Impact
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Cancer Incidence
Cancer Incidence
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Cancer Mortality
Cancer Mortality
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Mortality Awareness
Mortality Awareness
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Cancer Information
Cancer Information
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Stage 0 Cancer
Stage 0 Cancer
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Stage I Cancer Characteristics
Stage I Cancer Characteristics
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Stage IIA Details
Stage IIA Details
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Cancer Tissue Diagnosis
Cancer Tissue Diagnosis
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Unusual Bleeding Types & Cancer
Unusual Bleeding Types & Cancer
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Palpable Mass Cancer Signs
Palpable Mass Cancer Signs
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Methods of Cancer Staging
Methods of Cancer Staging
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Oncogene Activation
Oncogene Activation
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KRAS Mutation
KRAS Mutation
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PET Scan
PET Scan
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Leukoplakia
Leukoplakia
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Stage IIB Cancer
Stage IIB Cancer
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Vincristine Side Effect
Vincristine Side Effect
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Neoadjuvant Chemo
Neoadjuvant Chemo
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Tumor Suppressor Mutation
Tumor Suppressor Mutation
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CA 125
CA 125
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Doxorubicin Cardiotoxicity
Doxorubicin Cardiotoxicity
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Lung Cancer Qualifier
Lung Cancer Qualifier
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Pap Test Frequency
Pap Test Frequency
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Tumor Lysis Findings
Tumor Lysis Findings
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HCC Diagnostic tests
HCC Diagnostic tests
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Colon Cancer Screening
Colon Cancer Screening
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Adj Chemo
Adj Chemo
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Beta HCG & AFP
Beta HCG & AFP
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Stage IV metastatic
Stage IV metastatic
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Tumor Supressor Genes
Tumor Supressor Genes
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Esophageal Cancer
Esophageal Cancer
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FIT test
FIT test
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Cyclophosphamide causes
Cyclophosphamide causes
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Cell cycle
Cell cycle
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Hematuria and cancer
Hematuria and cancer
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PET scans aren't dx
PET scans aren't dx
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Previous smoking
Previous smoking
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What is Galactorrhea
What is Galactorrhea
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Pan Cancer
Pan Cancer
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Brest Tissue
Brest Tissue
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Hematuria in man
Hematuria in man
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Targeted Therapy
Targeted Therapy
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Study Notes
Cancer Statistics 2025
- The top 3 cancers to know for male and female estimated new cancer cases and deaths.
Review of Cancer Treatment Options
- Neoadjuvant (before CA is removed) targets tumors before surgery
- Adjuvant (after CA is removed) targets tumors after surgery
- Oncolytic virus therapy (for bladder CA)
Selected Chemotherapy Specific Toxicities
- Memorize the Chemo-Tox Man
Colon Cancer Screening
- Tests find polyps and cancer with colonoscopy
- Tests primarily find cancer with FIT (fecal immunochemical test)
Prostate Cancer Screening
- Screening conversation is recommended for high-risk men starting age 45
Studying That Suits You
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Description
Explore cancer biology, risk factors, and treatment approaches. Understand the TNM staging system, oncogenes, and tumor suppressor genes. Review the statistics of cancer.
