Cancer Biology and Genetics
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of p53 in DNA damaged cells?

  • Enhancing genomic instability
  • Inducing apoptosis via mitochondrial pathway (correct)
  • Inhibiting DNA repair genes
  • Inducing cell proliferation

Which of the following genes is associated with familial predisposition to the development of carcinomas of the colon?

  • BRCA-2
  • Mismatch repair genes (correct)
  • BRCA-1
  • TP53

What is the result of a loss of function mutation in TP53?

  • Increased genomic instability
  • Induction of apoptosis
  • Enhanced DNA repair
  • Failure to respond to chemotherapy and radiotherapy (correct)

Which of the following proteins is an example of an anti-apoptotic protein?

<p>BCL2 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of DNA repair genes?

<p>To protect the integrity of the genome (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a tumor suppressor gene?

<p>BRCA-1 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the RAS oncogene?

<p>Signal-transducing proteins (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of RAS gene is commonly associated with melanoma and hematopoietic tumors?

<p>NRAS (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the MYC proto-oncogene?

<p>Transcribing cell growth (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is required to produce tumors in the case of Retinoblastoma gene?

<p>Two mutations involving both alleles (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the p53 protein in stressed cells?

<p>Causing temporary cell cycle arrest (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of genes are TP53 and RB?

<p>Tumor Suppressor Genes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between a proto-oncogene and an oncogene?

<p>A proto-oncogene is a normal cellular gene, while an oncogene is a mutated version of a proto-oncogene (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a hallmark of cancer?

<p>Apoptosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of HER2/NEU gene in breast and ovarian cancers?

<p>It activates the epidermal growth factor receptor (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following genes are involved in regulating apoptosis?

<p>Genes that regulate apoptosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of signal transduction proteins in a cell?

<p>They transmit signals from growth factors to the nucleus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of cyclin-dependent kinases in the cell cycle?

<p>They regulate cell cycle progression (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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