Canadian Laws on Family and Childhood

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What does evolutionary psychology emphasize regarding psychological characteristics?

They are solely influenced by environmental factors.

They remain the same across different cultures and historical periods.

They are primarily determined by parenting styles.

They are adaptations that have evolved over time. (correct)

What was one of the findings regarding twins and genetic influences on behavior?

Genetic similarities have no impact on academic achievements.

Environmental influences are more significant than genetic factors.

Identical twins provide better insights into genetic influences on behavior. (correct)

Fraternal twins show more similarity in behavior than identical twins.

Who argued that parenting has negligible effects on the upbringing of children?

Steven Pinker (correct)

Edelbrock et al.

Micheal Ghiglieri

Charles Darwin

What does the concept of children being 'hardwired differently' refer to?

Inherent biological differences leading to varied behaviors. Signup and view all the answers

What do researchers take into account when measuring genetic similarities in twin studies?

Both shared and non-shared environmental influences. Signup and view all the answers

What constitutes a census family according to the 2016 Statistics Canada definition?

Children by birth, marriage, common-law union, or adoption living in the same dwelling Signup and view all the answers

What is stated in Section 163.1 of the Criminal Code regarding child pornography?

It criminalizes the depiction of individuals under 18 engaged in explicit sexual activity Signup and view all the answers

According to the Ontario Child, Youth, and Family Service Act, what is a legal responsibility of parents for children under the age of 16?

To provide shelter, food, and clothing Signup and view all the answers

What was Philippe Aries's view on the concept of childhood in the medieval period?

Childhood was recognized but marginalized in society Signup and view all the answers

How did the perception of childhood change between the 13th and 17th centuries according to Aries?

The upper class started recognizing the need for special attention and nurturing for children Signup and view all the answers

What exception allows for individuals under 16 to legally consent to sexual activity?

Being close in age to their partner Signup and view all the answers

What was a notable characteristic of children in the medieval world as per Aries's findings?

They were treated similar to adults with responsibilities Signup and view all the answers

Which age group is protected from sexual exploitation under Canadian criminal law with some exceptions?

Children under 16 years of age Signup and view all the answers

What was one argument against Aries' claims about childhood recognition before the 13th century?

Some medieval societies did acknowledge childhood. Signup and view all the answers

What concept did John Locke introduce regarding children?

Children are born as blank slates requiring guidance. Signup and view all the answers

In hunter-gatherer societies, why were lower birth rates advantageous?

Having fewer children meant less competition for resources. Signup and view all the answers

How were children perceived in agricultural societies compared to hunter-gatherer societies?

As essential labor force contributors. Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant belief about the treatment of children in Locke's time?

Parents had the right to discipline without limits. Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of Darwin's theory contributed to later beliefs about human behavior?

Traits that are advantageous become normalized over time. Signup and view all the answers

What misconception does Pollock's view represent about children in medieval times?

Children were more loved in medieval societies than portrayed. Signup and view all the answers

What role did superstitions play regarding children in certain cultures?

They influenced how children were perceived by parents. Signup and view all the answers

According to the life stages outlined, what age is considered 'adolescence'?

15-20 years old Signup and view all the answers

What was a common view about children during the period of the Enlightenment?

Children's behavior was thought to be entirely determined by biology. Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of human development is emphasized by Watson and Skinner?

Learned associations between stimuli and responses Signup and view all the answers

According to Sigmund Freud, at which stage do boys and girls begin to diverge in their developmental trajectory?

Phallic stage Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of Bandura's Social Learning Theory?

Behavior is learned through observation and modeling Signup and view all the answers

What term describes the broader context that includes cultural, subcultural, and social class influences in Bandura's framework?

Macrosystem Signup and view all the answers

In social learning theory, what is primary socialization?

Development occurring during childhood Signup and view all the answers

What criticism is associated with social learning theory?

It considers children as passive recipients of socialization Signup and view all the answers

What key commitment of the Convention on the Rights of Children is reflected in its foundation?

Respect for the dignity and worth of every child Signup and view all the answers

According to the content, how do Watson and Skinner view human development?

As a continuous process shaped by the environment Signup and view all the answers

What is considered one drawback of the behaviorist perspective on child development?

It reduces children to mere responders to stimuli Signup and view all the answers

What do Bandura's concepts of mesosystem and exosystem primarily focus on?

Interactions between different systems influencing development Signup and view all the answers

What does Bourdieu suggest about the cultural capital of elite children compared to working class children?

Elite children acquire cultural capital before entering the school system. Signup and view all the answers

What is a suggested characteristic of a truly child-centered approach to education?

Encouragement of self-directed learning. Signup and view all the answers

How does parental socioeconomic status affect children's educational performance?

Higher income parents often enroll children in early education activities. Signup and view all the answers

Which is a significant predictor of social withdrawal among middle school students?

Exclusion and lack of friendships. Signup and view all the answers

What challenge do parents of disabled children commonly report in relation to their education?

Difficulties in obtaining special education support. Signup and view all the answers

What has research shown about the impact of bullying on academic achievement?

Those bullied often experience low levels of achievement. Signup and view all the answers

How does the availability of childcare spaces in Canada compare to the need?

Only a small percentage of children have access to regulated care. Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant outcome of Quebec's childcare policies compared to the rest of Canada?

Quebec's policies support a higher percentage of childcare spaces. Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of early childhood education is a priority according to the NCA?

Ensuring children are a national priority. Signup and view all the answers

What is a critical factor affecting women's labor force participation?

Access to affordable childcare. Signup and view all the answers

What demographic tends to outperform in standardized tests and achievement levels?

Girls in primary and secondary schools. Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'neoliberalism' refer to in the context of childcare?

Focus on individual responsibility and market solutions. Signup and view all the answers

Which age group is most likely to experience chronic victimization from bullying?

Middle school students. Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the primary benefits of regulated childcare for children with learning disabilities?

Enhanced intellectual development Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors did NOT contribute to the need for laborers in Canada historically?

Desire to create permanent communities Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant change in immigration policy in Canada during the 1960s?

Point-based system for immigration was implemented Signup and view all the answers

What did the Indian Act of 1867 primarily formalize regarding First Nations?

Dependency on the Canadian government Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the impact of the Sixties Scoop on indigenous communities?

Displacement of children into state care Signup and view all the answers

Why are infant mortality rates higher on reserves compared to the national average?

Poor housing and health conditions Signup and view all the answers

What is one consequence of the colonial legacy faced by indigenous children today?

Higher levels of discrimination Signup and view all the answers

What does Jordan's Principle address regarding indigenous children?

Access to healthcare until coverage issues are resolved Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the socioeconomic status of newcomer children in Canada?

More likely to live in families below the median income Signup and view all the answers

What has been reported as a benefit of play in childcare settings?

Children's favorite activity offering significant learning Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a misconception about the effects of childcare on children's intellectual development?

Childcare leads to stress and poor outcomes Signup and view all the answers

What is the average hourly wage for the ECE workforce?

$17.47 Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true regarding the advancement of data collection in childcare?

It is a method to improve regulations and standards Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

2016 Statistics Canada Definition of Census Family

Children may be children by birth, marriage, common-law union, or adoption
Children live in the dwelling and do not have their own married spouse, common-law partner, or child living in their dwelling

Criminal Code of Conduct

Sections 150.1, 151, and 152 protect those under 16 from sexual exploitation
Children under 16 cannot legally consent to sexual activity (unless individuals are close in age)
Criminal activity for sexual activity involving those aged 14-16

Child Pornography (Criminal Code Section 163.1)

A person who is, or is depicted as, under 18 years old engaging in explicit sexual activity

Government of Canada Website

Parents may be charged if they fail to provide food, clothing, and shelter for a child under 16
Ontario Child, Youth, and Family Service Act provides additional details

Philippe Aries and the "Discovery of Childhood"

French scholar/demographic historian
Influential and controversial historian of childhood
Believed childhood did not exist in the medieval world
Claimed people lacked awareness of the difference between childhood and adulthood
Observed marginalization, adult-like presentation in medieval portraits
Absence of children from religious festivals and celebrations
Treatment of children like mini adults with work expected

Criticisms of Aries's Thesis

Not universally agreed upon
Overgeneralization and misinterpretation of evidence
Some medieval societies did acknowledge childhood
Existence of children, parental responsibility, and childhood in ancient civilizations
Locke disagreed, believing childhood was acknowledged before the 13th Century

Nature vs. Nurture Debate

Nature emphasizes biological and genetic factors as primary determinants of behavior
Nurture highlights the impact of the environment and social experiences
Nature theories apply theories of evolution and genetic makeup to understanding human behavior

Study of Twins

Identical twins are used to investigate the influence of genetics on behavioral differences
Researchers try to isolate genetic similarities to determine influence on outcomes
Some studies indicate genetic influence on academic performance, although environmental influence also plays a significant role

Sigmund Freud and Nurture

Believes children are born with predetermined drives (id) to maximize pleasure and minimize pain
Children's behavior develops through interaction with their environment
Children's development is influenced by the unconscious

Human behavior is learned by observing others
Children's interactions with their environment are reciprocal
Observing others, learning, internalizing, and shaping their behavior

Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989)

Globally recognized set of standards and obligations
Underlines respect for the dignity and worth of each child, regardless of background
Prioritizes the best interests of children

Chapter Four: Family and Children

Adult and children have similar experiences
Names/gender roles/expectations may vary across cultures

Childcare Concerns (Chapter Seven)

Growing expense of childcare as a major concern
Balancing responsibilities for working parents and childcare

Quebec Child Care Policy

Unique aspect of care programs
Emphasis on adequacy and affordability factors

Chapter Five: School and Peer Groups

Decline in per-capita funding for education in Canada
Public education funding varies by province/territory
Importance of educational equity and quality considerations
Historical overview of Public Education in Canada

Chapter Eight: Newcomer Children in Canada

Immigration policies impacting newcomer children
Government efforts to support newcomer children
Impact of immigration regulations on children

Chapter Nine: Indigenous Children

High rates of infant/childhood mortality among indigenous children
Higher rates of hospitalization from respiratory diseases
Higher risk of food insecurity, poverty, and inequities associated with school
Impact of residential schools regarding language, culture, and other factors

Child Wellbeing

Difficulties in accessing care for children with disabilities
Social competence is an important factor in children's wellbeing and social relationships.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Description

This quiz explores the definitions and legal protections surrounding families and children in Canada, including the criminal code, child pornography laws, and the responsibilities of parents. It also looks at historical perspectives on childhood, highlighting key figures like Philippe Aries. Test your knowledge of these important topics!