Canadian Law Quiz: Rights and Criminal Offenses

The Charter of Rights and Freedoms applies to relationships between individuals and the government or its institutions. It does not apply to private matters between individuals, non-governmental organizations, or entities outside Canadian jurisdiction.

A law passed by a provincial government that is similar to a criminal law but deals with issues specific to that province.

A law passed by a municipal government that regulates local matters within its jurisdiction, for example, parking restrictions or noise bylaws.

The most common type of biological evidence found at crime scenes, providing valuable DNA information and helping solve crimes.

A serious criminal offense carrying severe penalties, like murder. It requires a trial by judge and jury.

A less serious criminal offense, usually dealt with in provincial courts with a shorter sentence.

The process of questioning a witness called by the opposing side, aiming to challenge their testimony, uncover biases, and find inconsistencies.

A requirement essential for a job that is objectively justified, even if it may indirectly discriminate against individuals. For example, requiring a hard hat on a construction site.

The Oakes Test is used to determine if a law limiting a Charter right is justifiable. It considers if the law is rationally connected to the objective, minimally impairing rights, and proportionate to the objective.

This legal doctrine requires courts to follow previous decisions in similar cases, ensuring consistency in legal rulings.

Common law is a legal system built on judicial decisions and court rulings, evolving over time.

Human rights legislation aims to protect individuals from discrimination and ensure equality and fairness in society. It sets legal standards prohibiting discrimination based on traits like race, gender, or disability.

A mental disorder caused by external factors, making someone act unconsciously without criminal responsibility.

A person who represents a minor or someone unable to manage their legal affairs in a lawsuit.

Possession, trafficking, production, and importation of drugs are all illegal under the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act.

Entering a building unlawfully with the intent to commit a crime, like theft.

Intentional application of force to another person without consent, with varying levels of severity.

Murder with premeditation, planning, or aggravating factors, leading to life imprisonment without parole for 25 years.

The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms protects individuals from discriminatory actions by the government.

The Ontario Human Rights Code applies to both public and private sectors, safeguarding individuals from discrimination in areas like employment, housing, and services.

Common law developed from decisions made by English judges, evolving from customs and prior rulings.

The rule of precedent, or stare decisis, means judges must follow decisions made in previous cases with similar facts.

The rule of precedent ensures fairness, predictability, and stability in the law.

Section 8 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms protects individuals from unreasonable search and seizure.

The search of Smith's vehicle was considered unreasonable and violated his rights under Section 8 of the Charter.

The court determined that searches without a warrant can only be justified in exigent circumstances, such as emergency situations.

The Narcotic Control Act initially presumed individuals possessing drugs were trafficking them, requiring them to prove innocence.

Section 11(d) of the Charter guarantees the right to be presumed innocent until proven guilty.

The reverse onus provision in the Narcotic Control Act was deemed unconstitutional, violating Oakes' right to a fair trial.

The Oakes test is a legal test used to determine whether a law that limits a Charter right is justified.

The Oakes test requires a law to be demonstrably justified in a free and democratic society.

The Oakes test considers factors like proportionality, minimal impairment, and pressing and substantial objective.