Canada in the Early 20th Century

Spanish Flu Impact in Canada

• The Spanish flu pandemic, which lasted from 1918 to 1920, resulted in a devastating loss of life in Canada. Approximately 50,000 Canadians died from the virus, representing one-third of the national population.

The Wartime Economy & Labor Movement

• Canada's economy during World War I was heavily reliant on wartime production. This included the manufacture of ammunition, weapons, and military equipment.
• The Workers' Union, established on June 4, 1919, emerged as a significant force seeking better working conditions and rights for laborers.

The Winnipeg General Strike

• The Winnipeg General Strike commenced on May 15, 1919, signifying a major labor struggle in Canada.
• Over 30,000 workers participated, demanding better working conditions and wages.

Women's Suffrage & Empowerment

• The Military Voters Act of 1917 granted women limited voting rights related to military elections.
• Full voting rights for women were achieved in 1918.
• The landmark "Persons Case" in 1929 finally declared women as legal "persons," paving the way for their full participation in Canadian society.
• The "Famous Five" – Emily Murphy, Nellie McClung, Louise McKinney, Irene Parlby, and Henrietta Edwards – led the fight for women's legal recognition as "persons," ultimately securing their right to vote.
• Agnes Macphail became the first woman elected to Canadian Parliament in 1921.

Post-War Social Change

• After the First World War, a new sense of individual freedom emerged, characterized by the "flapper" phenomenon.
• Women embraced a more carefree attitude, adopting new fashions and expressing greater independence.
• The Charleston dance became a symbol of this cultural shift, despite initial disapproval.
• The emergence of new technologies and social trends during the 1920s influenced divorce laws, birth control practices, and popular music.
• Jazz music gained widespread popularity, with clubs like "The Cotton Club" becoming renowned centers for this musical style.

The Great Depression

• The Great Depression (1930s) brought economic hardship to Canada and across the globe.
• The severe economic downturn led to widespread unemployment and poverty.
• Prime Minister Bennett established relief camps to provide temporary shelter and support to unemployed men.
• The government implemented these camps as a way to prevent riots and maintain order, but conditions within the camps were often harsh.

This quiz explores significant events in Canada during the early 20th century, focusing on the Spanish flu, the wartime economy, labor movements, and women's suffrage. Understand the impact of these historical moments on Canadian society and the economy. Test your knowledge on the Winnipeg General Strike and the emergence of labor rights during this transformative period.