CamScanner Functionality Quiz

Female Reproductive System

• The female reproductive system encompasses several key organs and structures including ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, and external genitalia.
• The system plays a crucial role in reproduction, producing and releasing eggs, supporting fertilization, and nurturing a developing fetus.
• Anatomical structures include ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, vulva (external genitals)

Ovaries

• Almond-shaped organs located near the kidneys, attached to the fallopian tubes and uterus by ligaments
• Produce reproductive hormones
• Contain primordial follicles, maturing follicles and corpus luteum
• Ovarian ligament, suspensory ligament
• Arterial Supply: Ovarian arteries (Abdominal Aorta). Ascending branches of the uterine arteries (Internal Iliacs)
• Venous Drainage: Pampiniform plexus of veins, Right Ovarian Vein (IVC). Left Ovarian Vein (Left Renal Vein)
• Lymphatics: Lymphatic vessels follow ovarian blood vessels to right and left lumbar lymph nodes

Uterine Tubes (Fallopian Tubes)

• Passageway for the ovum from the ovary to the uterus
• Approximately 10 cm long.
• 4 Parts: Infundibulum, Ampulla, Isthmus, Uterine Part
• Supports fertilization process: Oocyte/ovum discharge monthly from the ovary -> carried by these tubes to the uterine cavity
• Mesosalpinx (part of broad ligament) supports the uterine tube

Uterus

• Pear-shaped muscular organ in the pelvis
• Commonly anteverted (tilted forward) and anteflexed (bent forward).
• Position changes with bladder and rectum fullness
• Approximately 7.5 cm long, 5 cm wide, 2 cm thick.
• Weighs 90 grams.
• Main parts: Body and Cervix.
• Lining: Endometrium, Myometrium, Perimetrium
• Ligaments: Cardinal (transverse cervical) ligaments, Uterosacral ligaments, Round ligaments, ligament of the ovary
• Blood supply: derived from uterine and ovarian arteries; venous drainage enters internal iliac veins
• Innervation: sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers
• Lymph drainage: most of the uterine body drains into the lumbar (or external iliac) lymph nodes

Perineum

• The perineum is the area between the thighs, containing the genitals and anal canal.
• Both male and female have similar superficial and deep perineal muscles
• Includes external genitalia like the vulva (in females) or penis and scrotum (in males).
• Other structures are the urethral opening, anus, clitoris, greater and lesser vestibular glands

Clinical Considerations

• Cervical cancer stages described
• Fibroids may grow in the different parts of the reproductive organs