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Questions and Answers
Questions and Answers
Which of the following characteristics are correct regarding citizens in states with ballot initiatives?
Which of the following characteristics are correct regarding citizens in states with ballot initiatives?
- Higher voter turnout (correct)
- More informed voters
- Partisan polarization (correct)
- Increased political engagement (correct)
Partisan polarization among voters and elected officials has reduced the number of voters splitting their tickets.
Partisan polarization among voters and elected officials has reduced the number of voters splitting their tickets.
True (A)
In the United States, which levels of government are most responsible for administering elections?
In the United States, which levels of government are most responsible for administering elections?
- State governments (correct)
- National government
- County governments (correct)
- City governments (correct)
Which of the following are examples of micro-targeting?
Which of the following are examples of micro-targeting?
Candidates can spend an unlimited amount of their own money in trying to win an election.
Candidates can spend an unlimited amount of their own money in trying to win an election.
The __________ or caucus votes determine the allocation of __________ at the party's convention. In addition to selecting the party's nominee, delegates also vote on the __________ at the convention.
The __________ or caucus votes determine the allocation of __________ at the party's convention. In addition to selecting the party's nominee, delegates also vote on the __________ at the convention.
Match the frequency of the election cycle to the corresponding election type:
Match the frequency of the election cycle to the corresponding election type:
How are campaigns different now compared to several decades ago?
How are campaigns different now compared to several decades ago?
Relative to campaigns in the nineteenth century, today's campaigns require ________ effort by campaign workers and __________ campaign money.
Relative to campaigns in the nineteenth century, today's campaigns require ________ effort by campaign workers and __________ campaign money.
Which of the following statements are correct regarding the stability of party identification?
Which of the following statements are correct regarding the stability of party identification?
Why might digital media be more effective than television ads?
Why might digital media be more effective than television ads?
Is the 'Block Billionaires from Buying Elections Act' constitutional?
Is the 'Block Billionaires from Buying Elections Act' constitutional?
Identify the correct and incorrect statements about the 2020 Democratic Party.
Identify the correct and incorrect statements about the 2020 Democratic Party.
Which form of electoral system is most common in the United States?
Which form of electoral system is most common in the United States?
Of the many steps to becoming president, which of the following options happens first?
Of the many steps to becoming president, which of the following options happens first?
Which activities may be part of a campaign?
Which activities may be part of a campaign?
Which term describes a candidate who is running for re-election to a position in Congress that she already holds?
Which term describes a candidate who is running for re-election to a position in Congress that she already holds?
Unlike PACs, 527 organizations are not subjected to contribution limits and spending caps.
Unlike PACs, 527 organizations are not subjected to contribution limits and spending caps.
If voters are dissatisfied with their elected state official, what process do they use to remove her before the term expires?
If voters are dissatisfied with their elected state official, what process do they use to remove her before the term expires?
Put the following nomination methods in order from earliest in American history to the most recent:
Put the following nomination methods in order from earliest in American history to the most recent:
Match the type of campaign with the campaign characteristics that describe it:
Match the type of campaign with the campaign characteristics that describe it:
The __________ or caucus votes determine the allocation of __________ at the party's convention.
The __________ or caucus votes determine the allocation of __________ at the party's convention.
Match the frequency of the election cycle to the corresponding election type.
Match the frequency of the election cycle to the corresponding election type.
How are campaigns different now compared to several decades ago?
How are campaigns different now compared to several decades ago?
Relative to campaigns in the nineteenth century, today's campaigns require ________ effort by campaign workers and _________ campaign money.
Relative to campaigns in the nineteenth century, today's campaigns require ________ effort by campaign workers and _________ campaign money.
Which of the following statements are correct regarding the stability of party identification?
Which of the following statements are correct regarding the stability of party identification?
Why might digital media be more effective than television ads?
Why might digital media be more effective than television ads?
Is the 'Block Billionaires from Buying Elections Act' constitutional?
Is the 'Block Billionaires from Buying Elections Act' constitutional?
Identify the correct and incorrect statements about the 2020 Democratic Party.
Identify the correct and incorrect statements about the 2020 Democratic Party.
Which form of electoral system is most common in the United States?
Which form of electoral system is most common in the United States?
Of the many steps to becoming president, the __________ and __________ help choose the candidate who will go on to the general election.
Of the many steps to becoming president, the __________ and __________ help choose the candidate who will go on to the general election.
Which activities may be part of a campaign?
Which activities may be part of a campaign?
Which term describes a candidate who is running for re-election to a position in Congress that she already holds?
Which term describes a candidate who is running for re-election to a position in Congress that she already holds?
Unlike PACs, 527 organizations are subject to contribution limits.
Unlike PACs, 527 organizations are subject to contribution limits.
If voters are dissatisfied with their elected state official, they use this process to remove her before the term expires.
If voters are dissatisfied with their elected state official, they use this process to remove her before the term expires.
Put the following nomination methods in order from earliest in American history to the most recent.
Put the following nomination methods in order from earliest in American history to the most recent.
Match the type of campaign with the campaign characteristics that describe it.
Match the type of campaign with the campaign characteristics that describe it.
Which of the following statements are supported by this figure?
Which of the following statements are supported by this figure?
Match the U.S. Supreme Court case to the effect it had on campaign spending.
Match the U.S. Supreme Court case to the effect it had on campaign spending.
Match each form of direct democracy to its correct characteristic(s).
Match each form of direct democracy to its correct characteristic(s).
Order the political candidates on their likelihood of attracting campaign donations from interest groups from most likely to least likely.
Order the political candidates on their likelihood of attracting campaign donations from interest groups from most likely to least likely.
Place these steps for electing a president in the proper order (from earliest to latest).
Place these steps for electing a president in the proper order (from earliest to latest).
How do 527s and 501(c)(4)s differ from more traditional campaign finance groups such as political action committees?
How do 527s and 501(c)(4)s differ from more traditional campaign finance groups such as political action committees?
Which of the following are true about majority-minority districts?
Which of the following are true about majority-minority districts?
Women candidates are underrepresented as candidates relative to their population by what percentage?
Women candidates are underrepresented as candidates relative to their population by what percentage?
Place the groups in order from the most underrepresented in terms of their candidacies relative to population to those that are the most overrepresented.
Place the groups in order from the most underrepresented in terms of their candidacies relative to population to those that are the most overrepresented.
Which statement is correct about the education levels of those who run for office?
Which statement is correct about the education levels of those who run for office?
Place these steps for electing a president in the proper order (from earliest to latest).
Place these steps for electing a president in the proper order (from earliest to latest).
What issues were notable in the 2020 presidential election?
What issues were notable in the 2020 presidential election?
Which statement about campaign fundraising in 2016 is most accurate?
Which statement about campaign fundraising in 2016 is most accurate?
527 committees and 501(c)(4) committees are independent expenditure groups that can raise and spend _________ amounts.
527 committees and 501(c)(4) committees are independent expenditure groups that can raise and spend _________ amounts.
Negative campaign ads are more likely to address _____________, whereas positive campaign ads tend to focus on ______________.
Negative campaign ads are more likely to address _____________, whereas positive campaign ads tend to focus on ______________.
What unique crises affected the 2020 presidential election?
What unique crises affected the 2020 presidential election?
Which statement about campaign fundraising in 2016 is most accurate?
Which statement about campaign fundraising in 2016 is most accurate?
The trend in campaign finance law over time has been toward which of the following?
The trend in campaign finance law over time has been toward which of the following?
Why have most major party candidates declined federal funding for their presidential campaigns recently?
Why have most major party candidates declined federal funding for their presidential campaigns recently?
Which statements about redistricting are true?
Which statements about redistricting are true?
A ________ electoral system, which requires a person to get more than 50 percent of the votes cast in the election to win, is usually paired with ______ to ensure that there is a single winner.
A ________ electoral system, which requires a person to get more than 50 percent of the votes cast in the election to win, is usually paired with ______ to ensure that there is a single winner.
527 committees and 501(c)(4) committees are independent expenditure groups that can raise and spend _________ amounts.
527 committees and 501(c)(4) committees are independent expenditure groups that can raise and spend _________ amounts.
What unique crises affected the 2020 presidential election?
What unique crises affected the 2020 presidential election?
Identify the correct and incorrect statements about the 2020 presidential election.
Identify the correct and incorrect statements about the 2020 presidential election.
Although __________ will continue to have control of the U.S. House of Representatives, __________ gained over a dozen seats.
Although __________ will continue to have control of the U.S. House of Representatives, __________ gained over a dozen seats.
How do 527s and 501(c)(4)s differ from more traditional campaign finance groups such as political action committees?
How do 527s and 501(c)(4)s differ from more traditional campaign finance groups such as political action committees?
Questions and Answers
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Study Notes
Study Notes
Campaigns and Elections Overview
- Primaries and caucuses allocate delegates at party conventions, influencing nominee selection and party platform votes.
- Elections occur in cycles: presidential elections every four years, midterm elections every two years, and congressional elections also every two years.
Evolution of Campaign Strategies
- Modern campaigns utilize public-opinion polls and big data for strategies, with a significant focus on micro-targeting voter segments.
- Compared to the past, today's campaigns require less effort from campaign workers but demand more financial resources.
Political Participation and Party Identification
- Party identification is generally stable, with individuals rarely changing their party affiliation despite volatility in specific elections.
- Digital media can be more effective than TV ads due to cost-effectiveness, viewer engagement, and opportunities for unpaid promotion.
Supreme Court and Campaign Spending
- Restrictions on campaign financing are likely unconstitutional since the Supreme Court equates spending with free speech.
- Key Supreme Court cases have shaped campaign finance, including decisions on unrestricted independent expenditures and defining donations as free speech.
Electoral Systems and Voter Preferences
- The plurality system is the most common electoral system; it rewards candidates who receive the most votes, often leading to runoff elections in majoritarian systems.
- Campaign activities include advertisements, town halls, rallies, and voter-mobilization efforts.
Role of Incumbents and Candidate Characteristics
- Incumbents in Congress have higher re-election success rates due to established recognition and funding sources.
- Majority-minority districts often reflect demographic concentrations, yet the courts have generally opposed their creation through redistricting.
Campaign Financing and Grassroots Movements
- 527 and 501(c)(4) organizations differ from PACs by having no contribution limits and not directly coordinating with campaigns.
- Voter turnout and political interest tend to increase in states with ballot initiatives, reflecting active civic engagement.
2020 Election Insights
- The 2020 presidential election was marked by significant crises, including the coronavirus pandemic and racial protests.
- There was a notable gender gap in voting, with demographics influencing candidate support; for instance, women and minorities are underrepresented in political candidacies relative to their populations.
Legal and Structural Changes
- Recent trends indicate fewer restrictions on campaign donations and expenditures, revealing shifts in campaign finance regulations.
- Straight-ticket voting is more common today, reflecting heightened partisan polarization among voters.
Challenges and Opportunities in Representation
- The demographic landscape of candidates reflects disparities, with Latinos and Blacks underrepresented in political office relative to their percentages in the population.
- Barriers such as the ambition gap contribute to the underrepresentation of women in politics, despite their majority presence in the population.
Conclusion
- Understanding the dynamics of campaigns and elections is crucial for analyzing electoral outcomes and civic participation in the U.S.
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