CaMKII and Memory Formation
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Questions and Answers

What is the role of Ca2+-calmodulin in CaMKII?

  • Activates phosphatase activity
  • Inhibits kinase activity
  • Deactivates AMPA receptors
  • Disinhibits kinase activity (correct)

    • Phosphorylated CaMKII is constitutively active until dephosphorylated by a phosphatase.

    True

    What is the mechanism of storing memory in CaMKII molecules?

    The memory is stored in the number of CaMKII molecules within a ring that are phosphorylated.

    Back propagating dendritic APs can open _____________ channels in dendritic spines.

    <p>voltage-dependent Ca2+</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is required for long-term memory formation?

    <p>Protein synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    NMDA receptors are the only source of Ca2+ for plasticity.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following molecules with their functions:

    <p>CaMKII = Involved in memory formation CREB = Regulates gene expression Phosphatase = Dephosphorylates CaMKII</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ca2+ entry via NMDA plus voltage-dependent channels is greater than the sum of separate routes of entry by ____________.

    <p>themselves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the criterion for Long Term Potentiation (LTP) to occur?

    <p>When pre- and post-synaptic neurons are active at the same time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Long Term Depression (LTD) results in a larger response in neurons.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the bacteria that is associated with the term 'tetanus' in the context of neural stimulation?

    <p>Clostridium tetanus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The effect of LTP lasts for more than ______________________ month.

    <p>1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the types of neural stimulation with their effects on neuron response:

    <p>Tetanic stimulation = Larger response Low frequency stimulation = Smaller response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What would happen to memories if LTP and LTD were the only mechanisms operating in the brain?

    <p>Associations would always drive memories towards a single memory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of the timing of the back-propagating AP and the EPSP on LTP/LTD?

    <p>If AP precedes EPSP, it leads to LTD</p> Signup and view all the answers

    NMDA-receptor mediated EPSP occurs before post-synaptic AP, leading to a small increase in intracellular Ca2+.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of CaMKII in memory formation?

    <p>activates protein synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The calcium-dependent phosphatase activated during LTD is ______________________.

    <p>Ca2+-dependent phosphatase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of mGluR1 in Ca2+ entry?

    <p>causes Ca2+ release from endoplasmic reticulum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hermann Ebbinghaus was a neuroscientist who studied the mechanisms of LTP.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following receptors with their functions:

    <p>mGluR1 = Opens voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels NMDA = Causes Ca2+ release from endoplasmic reticulum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the timing of Ca2+ entry in determining LTP/LTD?

    <p>The timing of Ca2+ entry determines whether LTP or LTD occurs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Calcium-Calmodulin Dependent Protein Kinase II (CaMKII)

    • Associated with postsynaptic density in spine cytoplasm
    • Consists of 10 subunits/enzymes, each activated by calcium-calmodulin
    • Ca2+-calmodulin disinhibits kinase activity, leading to autophosphorylation
    • Phosphorylated CaMKII is constitutively active until dephosphorylated by a phosphatase
    • Memory is stored in the number of phosphorylated CaMKII molecules within the ring

    Regulation of Protein Synthesis

    • Phosphorylation, receptor sensitization, and increased receptor number are time-limited
    • Long-term memory requires protein synthesis
    • Phosphorylation of CREB (cyclic AMP Response Element Binding protein) regulates gene expression in invertebrates

    NMDA Receptors and Calcium Entry

    • NMDA receptors are not the only source of Ca2+ for plasticity
    • Back-propagating dendritic action potentials can open voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels in dendritic spines
    • Ca2+ entry via NMDA receptors and voltage-dependent channels is greater than the sum of separate routes
    • Ca2+ can also be released from intracellular stores via metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR1)

    Back Propagation of Action Potentials and LTP/LTD

    • Back-propagating action potentials activate voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels
    • Timing of Ca2+ entry is critical for LTP/LTD
    • If the action potential precedes the EPSP, LTD occurs
    • If the EPSP precedes the action potential, LTP occurs

    Spike Timing Plasticity

    • When an action potential occurs before an EPSP, a small increase in intracellular Ca2+ leads to LTD
    • When an EPSP occurs before an action potential, a large increase in intracellular Ca2+ leads to LTP
    • The timing of the back-propagating action potential and EPSP determines LTP/LTD

    Hebbian Modification and LTP/LTD

    • Hebbian modification includes LTP (long-term potentiation) and LTD (long-term depression)
    • LTP: synapses strengthen when pre- and post-synaptic neurons are active at the same time
    • LTD: synapses weaken when pre- and post-synaptic activity is not simultaneous
    • LTP and LTD are a result of Hebbian modification in hippocampal neurons

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    Principles of Neuro Neur30003 Notes PDF

    Description

    This quiz explores the role of Calcium-calmodulin dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) in memory formation, including its structure, activation, and phosphorylation mechanisms.

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