Camera Anatomy and Focus
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the iris in a camera?

  • To change the focal length of the lens
  • To increase the shutter speed
  • To regulate the amount of light entering the camera (correct)
  • To focus the light onto the sensor
  • What is the term for the ratio of focal length to aperture diameter?

  • Focal length
  • F/ number (correct)
  • Shutter speed
  • Aperture diameter
  • What is the effect of increasing the f/ number?

  • The aperture diameter increases
  • The aperture diameter decreases (correct)
  • The shutter speed increases
  • The sensor's response to light increases
  • What is required to achieve a deep field of focus?

    <p>A high f/ number and more lighting or longer exposure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the iris area when the f/ number increases by one stop?

    <p>It halves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of closing the iris?

    <p>Less light enters the camera</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the distance over which objects appear to be in focus?

    <p>Depth of field</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is necessary to obtain the same illumination when the aperture is reduced?

    <p>A brighter scene or a longer shutter opening time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Camera Anatomy

    • A camera consists of a lens, iris (aperture), shutter, and film/sensor.
    • Mirrorless digital cameras use an electronic shutter instead of a traditional mechanical shutter.

    Focusing a Camera

    • The lens-film distance must increase until it equals the image distance for the lens' focal length and object position.

    Depth of Field

    • Depth of Field (DoF) is the span of distance that can be in focus.
    • Small distance changes in normal situations allow distant and nearby objects to be in focus simultaneously.
    • Blur is caused by marginal rays, which can be removed by closing the iris (aperture).

    Aperture and Shutter Speed

    • The f/ number expresses the ratio of focal length to aperture diameter.
    • A smaller aperture means a larger f/ number (for a given fixed focal length).
    • For each jump in f/ number, the iris area changes by a factor of 2.
    • Shutter speed describes the fraction of a second the shutter is open (e.g., 1/n sec).
    • For each jump in shutter speed, the time open changes by a factor of 2.

    Light Density on Sensor

    • Light density on the sensor = Illumination x (shutter open time) / (f/ number)^2.
    • Constant illumination requires compensating for changes in f/ with changes in shutter speed.

    Deep and Shallow Fields

    • Deep field: Requires high f/ number + more lighting or longer exposure.
    • Shallow field: Requires small f/ number + reduced lighting or shorter exposure.

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    Description

    Understand the components of a camera, including lens, iris, shutter, and sensor. Learn about focusing a camera and the concept of depth of field.

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