Calendar Basics: Months, Days, and Seasons

Study Notes

Calendar Basics: Months, Days, and Seasons

The calendar is a fundamental tool we use every day to keep track of time and organize our lives. Let's delve into some key components of calendars, such as months, days of the week, and seasons.

Months of the Year

A month is a unit used by the Gregorian calendar, which consists of approximately 28–31 days and is divided into twelve sections. These twelve segments have been named after Roman gods and mythological figures over millennia. Here they are briefly introduced:

January – Janus
February – Februa (purification ritual)
March – Mars
April – Venus
May – Maia
June – Juno
July – Julius Caesar
August – Augustus Caesar
September – Septem (seven, referring to the seventh month initially)
October – Oct(um), eight
November – Novem, nine
December – Decem, ten

Many languages maintain Latin names or similar ones due to historical influences. For example, German has Januar, Februar, März, etc., while French uses janvier, février, mars, etc..

Days of the Week

Days of the week indicate different patterns repeating within each calendar cycle; seven separate days make up one weekly cycle. They are:

Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
Saturday
Sunday

This pattern originated from Babylonians and was adopted around the world after the spread of Christianity.

Note that some cultures may reference their days using local deities or other customs—Arabic countries use Yom al-Ahad (first day), for instance. However, these variations remain less common globally.

Seasons

Seasons are four recurring periods defined according to the tilted axis of Earth and its orbiting path around the Sun. Each season lasts roughly three months. The following correlations can help you recognize when each begins:

Spring (March, April, May): Temperatures rise, new plant growth emerges, animals become active, daylight hours increase.
Summer (June, July, August): Hot temperatures peak, vegetation flourishes, days grow longer, outdoor activities abound.
Autumn (September, October, November): Cooler weather sets in gradually, leaves change colors, harvest season arrives.
Winter (December, January, February): Coldest months arrive, snowfall may occur depending on geographic location, shorter day lengths emerge.

These elements combine to create our familiar experience of time passing through years, months, weeks, and seasons. Understanding how this system works helps us better appreciate and utilize resources like calendars.

Description

Explore the fundamental components of the calendar system, including months of the year named after Roman gods, days of the week with their origins in Babylonian culture, and the four seasons defined by Earth's orbit around the Sun. Learn how these elements shape our perception of time and organization.