Calculus Module 3: Double and Iterated Integrals

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Questions and Answers

What is the mass of the first plate calculated?

  • 1/2
  • 1/3
  • 5/3 (correct)
  • 3/10

The center of mass for the first plate is located at (1/2, 1/5).

False (B)

What is the moment of inertia about the x-axis for the curved plate defined by x = y² and x = 2y - y²?

11/60

The radius of gyration about the x-axis for the second plate is √(3/10). The radius for the third plate is √(______)

<p>11/20</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of regions with their descriptions:

<p>Type 1 = Bounded by curves y = g₁(x) and y = g₂(x) Type 2 = Bounded by curves x = h₁(y) and x = h₂(y) Radius of Gyration = R = √(I/M) First Moment = Mx = ∫∫_R y p(x, y)dA</p> Signup and view all the answers

If the density function is δ(x, y) = x + y, what is the moment of inertia about the x-axis for the thin plate?

<p>1/10 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Changing the order of integration can simplify the solution of a double integral.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The mass of the thin plate bounded by the parabola x = y - y² and the line x + y = 0 is ______.

<p>1/3</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the value of the double integral ∫∫ r³ dr dθ over the area bounded between the circles r = 2 cos θ and r = 4 cos θ?

<p>$ rac{63 heta}{16}$ (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the volume of the solid bounded by the parabola $y = 4x^2$ and the line $y = 3x$?

<p>$32/9$ (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The centroid of a geometric figure with constant density is the same as its center of mass.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the area enclosed by the lemniscate r² = 4 cos 2θ?

<p>4</p> Signup and view all the answers

The equation of the cylinder mentioned is $x^2 + y^2 = 4$. This statement is false.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula used to calculate the total electric charge distributed over region D?

<p>Q = ∫∫_D σ(x, y) dA</p> Signup and view all the answers

The mass M of a thin plate is calculated using the formula M = ∫∫_R δ(x, y) _______ .

<p>dA</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their definitions:

<p>Moment of Inertia = Second moment about an axis Radius of Gyration = Distance from axis to mass distribution First Moment = First moment about an axis Center of Mass = Point representing total mass of a body</p> Signup and view all the answers

The average value of a function over region R is given by the formula: (1/________________) ∫∫_R f dA.

<p>area of R</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following mathematical processes with their descriptions:

<p>Finding the Volume = Integration over a solid region Average Value Calculation = Estimation of function's value over a region Population Density = Integration of density function over a specified area Change of Variables = Transforming coordinates for easier integration</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which integral represents the area of the region inside the circle r = 3 sin θ and outside the cardioid r = 1 + sin θ?

<p>∫_0^π ∫_1+sinθ^(3 sin θ) dA (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Jacobian in the context of changing variables in double integrals?

<p>The transformation's scaling factor (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The first moment about the y-axis is calculated as My = ∫∫_R x δ(x, y) dA.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The integral of a population density function can provide the total population over a region. This statement is true.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The formula for the radius of gyration about the x-axis is R_x = _______ (I_x/M).

<p>√</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Jacobian formula for polar coordinates simplify to?

<p>r (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the limits of integration for finding the area inside the cardioid r = 1 + cos θ and outside the circle r = 1?

<p>θ from 0 to 2π, r from 1 to 1 + cos θ</p> Signup and view all the answers

The area enclosed by one loop of the four-leaved rose is equal to π/4.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the conversion formulas from polar to Cartesian coordinates?

<p>x = r cos θ, y = r sin θ</p> Signup and view all the answers

The area inside a circle and outside a cardioid is calculated by setting up limits from θ = ___ to θ = ___.

<p>π/6, 5π/6</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following mathematical terms with their definitions:

<p>Jacobian = A factor that accounts for the change of variables in a transformation. Polar Coordinates = A coordinate system where points are represented using radius and angle. Cardioid = A heart-shaped curve described by a polar equation. Rose Curve = A curve defined by the polar equation r = sin(nθ) or r = cos(nθ).</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which integral evaluates the area of the semicircular region bounded by the x-axis and y = √(1 - x²)?

<p>∫_0^1 ∫_0^√(1 - y²) (x² + y²) dx dy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The limits for the inner integral in a Type 1 region are defined by y-values.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the integral ∫_0^π (1/4) dθ?

<p>π/4</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for the volume of a solid under the surface z = f(x, y) and above a rectangular region R?

<p>Volume = ∫∫_R f(x, y) dA (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Fubini's Theorem states that the double integral of a function can be computed by changing the order of integration if the function is continuous in the rectangular region.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the integral ∫∫_R (3 - x - y) dA for the defined triangular region in the xy-plane?

<p>1</p> Signup and view all the answers

The volume of the wedgelike solid beneath the surface z = 16 - x² - y² is _____.

<p>36/5</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following solids to their corresponding volume integrals:

<p>Prism above z = 3 - x - y = ∫∫_R (3 - x - y) dA Wedgelike solid beneath z = 16 - x² - y² = ∫∫_R (16 - x² - y²) dA Solid bounded by paraboloid z = x² + y² = ∫∫_R (x² + y²) dA Solid below z = x² and inside region of curvature = ∫∫_R x² dA</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes Fubini's Theorem's second form?

<p>It allows integrals to be computed for regions defined by curves. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The volume of a solid can be less than zero.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

For the solid bounded by the cylinder z = x² and the region enclosed by the parabola y = 2x² and the line y = x, what is the volume?

<p>1/15</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Center of Mass (x)

The x-coordinate of the center of mass, calculated as the moment about the y-axis divided by the total mass.

Polar Coordinates Area Calculation

Calculating the area of a region using double integrals in polar coordinates.

Center of Mass (y)

The y-coordinate of the center of mass, calculated as the moment about the x-axis divided by the total mass.

Double Integral in Polar Coordinates

A method to evaluate a double integral using polar coordinates.

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Mass (Double Integral)

The total mass of a thin plate, calculated by integrating the density function across the plate's region.

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Center of Mass (x,y)

The point where the mass of a region is evenly distributed. x = My/M; y = Mx/M.

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Moment of Inertia (Ix)

The moment of inertia about the x-axis for a thin plate, calculated by integrating a function of the distance from the x-axis squared.

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First Moment (Mx)

Moment of a region about the x-axis (∫∫ y * δ dA).

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Type 1 Region

A region defined by vertical lines and functions of x ( y = g1(x) , y = g2(x) )

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First Moment (My)

Moment of a region about the y-axis (∫∫ x * δ dA).

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Type 2 Region

A region defined by horizontal lines and functions of y ( x = h1(y) , x = h2(y) )

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Mass (M)

The total mass of a region with density δ(x, y) calculated using the double integral ∫∫_R δ dA.

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Order of Integration

The sequence in which variables are integrated in a multiple integral.

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Moment of Inertia

Measure of rotational inertia; calculated using a double integral involving squares of distances to axes or origin.

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Radius of Gyration

A measure of how far the mass is distributed from the axis of rotation.

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Lemniscate

A geometric shape defined in polar coordinates by the equation r² = a² cos(2 θ).

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Volume of a Solid

The space occupied by a three-dimensional shape.

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Double Integral

A double integral computes a volume under a surface or area of region in a plane.

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Area of a Region (Double Integral)

Formula to calculate the area of a region using a double integral.

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Average Value of a Function

The mean value of a function within a given region.

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Polar Coordinates

A way to represent points in the plane using radius and angle.

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Jacobian

A determinant used to change variables in double integrals.

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Volume calculation using double integral

Calculating volume using a double integral, setting up a integral for the region in the x-y plane and using the plane function as the function to be integrated

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Polar Integration Formula

Formula used for changing from Cartesian coordinates to Polar coordinates in double Integration.

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Double Integral Formula

Represents the volume of a solid under a surface f(x, y) above a rectangular region R in the xy-plane. Calculated as a limit of Riemann sums.

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Fubini's Theorem for Double Integrals

A theorem that simplifies double integrals over rectangular regions by turning them into iterated integrals.

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Iterated Integrals

A double integral calculated as a sequence of single integrals involving a function of two variables.

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Rectangular Region (R)

A region in the xy-plane defined by a set of inequalities like a ≤ x ≤ b and c ≤ y ≤ d

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Continuous Function

A function that has no jumps or breaks in its graph and is defined for all x and y in a given region.

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Volume under a surface

The space enclosed between the surface z = f(x,y) and the xy-plane over a region R.

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Riemann Sum (limit)

A method of approximating a definite integral or other sums. Used to show the double integral calculation mathematically

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Iterated Integration Order

The order in which the integrals in a double integral are performed.

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Conversion Formulas (Polar Coordinates)

Equations for converting between Cartesian coordinates (x, y) and polar coordinates (r, θ): x = r cos θ and y = r sin θ.

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Jacobian Formula (Polar Coordinates)

The absolute value of the Jacobian determinant for the transformation from Cartesian to polar coordinates is |J(r, θ)| = r.

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Area in Polar Coordinates

Calculating areas of regions in the xy-plane using polar coordinates: Integrate r with respect to r and θ over the appropriate ranges to determine the area.

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Study Notes

Module 3: Double and Iterated Integrals

  • Double integrals are used to calculate various quantities over a region in the xy-plane
  • An iterated integral is a way to perform double integration as a succession of single integrations
  • Fubini's theorem is used for evaluating double integrals over rectangular regions. If a function is continuous on a rectangle, the iterated integrals can be computed in either order
  • Double integrals allow calculation of volume beneath a surface above a region
  • Iterated integrals are computed over general regions using limits, for example, with the upper and lower boundaries being functions of x (or y).
  • The volume beneath the graph of a function f(x, y) above a region D in the xy-plane is given by the double integral of the function over D
  • Iterated integrals can be expressed with reversed order, important for calculating specific regions
  • The area of the region R is equal to the double integral of 1 over the region R, which can often be represented by a double integral or iterated integrals

Application of Double Integrals

  • The area of a plane region can be calculated using a double integral
  • The volume of a solid can be calculated using a double integral.
  • The mass and center of mass of a thin plate or lamina, with a specified density distribution, can be calculated using double integrals
  • Moments of inertia in an xy-plane can be computed, and used to find the radius of gyration for the lamina.
  • Other applications, such as population density, and electric charge density can also be calculated using a double integral.

Polar Coordinates

  • Polar coordinates are used to represent points in the plane using distance (r) and an angle (θ)
  • The integral in polar coordinates is ff(r, θ) r dr dθ
  • The Jacobian for polar coordinates is r

Important Theorems

  • Fubini's theorem (The First Form and Stronger Form): To evaluate a double integral over a rectangular region, one can evaluate it iteratively. If the conditions are met, it can be reversed.

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