Calculus Integration Concepts

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Questions and Answers

What is the result of integrating the function $|x-1|$ from 1 to 2?

  • 0
  • 1 (correct)
  • 2
  • 3

When evaluating the integral $, ∫_0^2 (4x^3 - 5x^2 + 6x + 9) dx$, which of the following is true about the result?

  • The result is a negative number
  • The result is an integer (correct)
  • The result is equal to 3
  • The result is affected by the properties of discontinuity

Which property of definite integrals states that changing the limits of integration negates the value of the integral?

  • Reversal property (correct)
  • Symmetry property
  • Linearity property
  • Substitution property

What is the integral $, ∫_0^1 x/(x^2+1) dx$ evaluated to?

<p>$\frac{ ext{ln}(2)}{2}$ (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the area under the curve for $\int_0^π/4 tan² x dx$?

<p>$\frac{π}{8}$ (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in using integration by partial fractions?

<p>Write the rational function in its partial fraction form. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In integration by parts, which function should be chosen as 'u' when applying the ILATE rule?

<p>The first function that appears in the expression. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If the degree of P(x) is greater than the degree of Q(x) in an integral of the form ∫P(x)/Q(x) dx, what should be done first?

<p>Divide P(x) by Q(x) to obtain a quotient and remainder. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following types of integrals can benefit from integration by partial fractions?

<p>∫(3x + 4)/((x+5)(x-2)) dx (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which set of functions is correctly aligned with the ILATE rule for integration by parts?

<p>Algebraic, Logarithmic, Inverse trigonometric, Exponential, Trigonometric (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Integration by Partial Fractions

A method used to integrate rational functions (polynomials divided by polynomials) by decomposing the function into simpler fractions.

Partial Fraction Decomposition

The process of expressing a complex rational function as a sum of simpler rational functions.

Rational Function

A function that can be expressed as a ratio of two polynomials.

∫(px+q)/((x+a)(x+b)) dx

Integration problem that can be solved by partial fraction decomposition. 'p' and 'q' are constants, 'a' and 'b' are constants.

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∫uv dx

Integration by parts formula; Integrate the product of two functions

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ILATE rule

A guide for choosing 'u' and 'v' in Integration by parts. Prioritize functions in the order: Inverse, Log, Algebraic, Trig, Exponential.

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Integration by Parts

A technique to find the integral of a product of two functions. It breaks the product into parts to find the integral.

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Definite Integral Property (i)

The definite integral of a function f(x) from a to b is equal to the definite integral of the same function f(t) from a to b

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Definite Integral Property (ii)

The definite integral of a function from a to b is the negative of the definite integral of the same function from b to a

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∫_a^b f(x) dx = -∫_b^a f(x) dx

The definite integral from a to b is the negative of the definite integral from b to a.

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∫_0^π/2 cos²x dx

Evaluation of a definite integral to find the exact area under a curve between specified limits

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∫_1^2 (4x³-5x²+6x+9) dx

Evaluating a definite integral of a polynomial using power rule of integration

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∫_0^π/2 √(sin ф cos ф) cos ф dф

A definite integral involving trigonometric functions. Simplify the integrand before solving

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∫_{π/6}^{π/3} √(3sin x + cos x)/√(sin 2x) dx

A definite integral needing proper simplification to integrate by trigonometric substitution

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∫_1^2 |x-1| dx

Evaluating definite integral involving the absolute value function. Break into regions

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∫_0^π/4 log (1+tan x) dx

Evaluating a definite integral involving logarithm function and trigonometric function. Integration is complex.

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Evaluation of Definite Integral by Substitution

Procedure to evaluate definite integrals by changing variables.

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Substitution Method Steps

Steps to solve a definite integral using substitution

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Study Notes

Integration and Its Properties

  • Integration is the inverse process of differentiation
  • Anti-derivatives are functions that could have possibly given a function as a derivative
  • Indefinite integral gives all the anti-derivatives of a function
  • Definite integral finds a numerical value for an area under a curve
  • Integration formulas are used for evaluating indefinite and definite integrals in calculus

Integration as an Inverse Process of Differentiation

  • If the derivative of F(x) is equal to f(x), then F(x) is called the integral of f(x)
  • F(x) + C is also an anti-derivative of f(x), where C is an arbitrary constant (constant of integration)
  • There exist infinitely many anti-derivatives of a function
  • ∫f(x)dx: Integral of f with respect to x
  • f(x): Integrand
  • x: Variable of integration
  • Integrate: Find the integral
  • Integral of f(x): A function F such that F'(x) = f(x)
  • Constant of integration: An arbitrary constant

Some Standard Formulae

  • ∫xⁿdx = (xⁿ⁺¹)/(n+1) + C, where n ≠ -1
  • ∫sin x dx = -cos x + C
  • ∫cos x dx = sin x + C
  • ∫sec² x dx = tan x + C
  • ∫cosec² x dx = -cot x + C
  • ∫sec x tan x dx = sec x + C
  • ∫cosec x cot x dx = -cosec x + C
  • ∫ex dx = ex + C
  • ∫1/x dx = ln|x| + C

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