Calculus: Differentials and Applications

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

  • The linear approximation of y at x=c is f(c) + f'(c)(x-c).
  • When the change in x is sufficiently small, we can approximate the change in y with its differential.
  • The differential of y is f'(x)(Δx). (correct)
  • The exact change in y is equal to f(x+Δx) - f(x).

Estimate the value of √4.4 using differentials.

  • 2.05
  • 2.2
  • 2.15
  • 2.1 (correct)

The speed at which the volume of a cone is changing is given by

  • $\frac{dV}{dt} = \frac{2\pi rh}{3} \frac{dr}{dt} + \frac{\pi r^2}{3} \frac{dh}{dt}$ (correct)
  • $\frac{dV}{dt} = 2\pi rh \frac{dr}{dt} + \pi r^2 \frac{dh}{dt}$
  • $\frac{dV}{dt} = \frac{2\pi rh}{3} \frac{dh}{dt} + \frac{\pi r^2}{3} \frac{dr}{dt}$
  • $\frac{dV}{dt} = 2\pi rh \frac{dh}{dt} + \pi r^2 \frac{dr}{dt}$

A hollow cylinder is made by punching a concentric hole through a solid cylinder of radius = 5 cm and height = 10 cm. If the radius of the hole is 0.3cm smaller than the cylinder's radius, estimate the volume of the hollow cylinder.

<p>120Ï€ (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If y=5^(x²-2x+1), then the slope at x = 2 is equal to

<p>10 ln 5 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Flashcards

Extrema on closed interval

For a continuous function on a closed interval, extrema (maxima or minima) can occur.

Second Derivative Test

If f''(a) > 0 at a critical point, (a, f(a)) is a local minimum.

Exact Change in y

The exact change in y for a function is the difference f(x + Δx) - f(x).

Linear Approximation

Approximation of function using tangent line.

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Rate of Change of Demand

Change in demand per unit change in price.

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Study Notes

  • Answer to Question 1:

    • The differential of y is not f(x)(Δx), thus that statement is not true
  • Answer to Question 2:

    • If f(x) = 3sin(x/2) then the maxima and minima will have y coordinates with absolute value of 3 is true
  • Answer to Question 3:

    • If (a, f(a)) is a critical point and f''(a) > 0, then (a, f(a)) is a local minimum
  • Answer to Question 4:

    • The estimated value of √4.4 using differentials is 2.1
  • Answer to Question 5

    • The rate at which the volume of a cone is changing is given by dv/dt = (2Ï€rh/3)(dr/dt) + (Ï€r²/3)(dh/dt)
  • Answer to Question 6:

    • If a hollow cylinder is made by punching a concentric hole through a solid cylinder of radius = 5 cm and height = 10 cm. If the radius of the hole is 0.3cm less than the cylinder's radius, estimate the volume of the hollow cylinder ≈ 30Ï€
  • Answer to Question 7:

    • If y = 5^(x^2-2x+1), then the slope at x=2 is equal to 10ln5

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