10-L2

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What is the primary role of calcium in the body?

Muscle contraction and nerve conduction (correct)
Maintaining blood pressure
Regulating body temperature
Digestion and absorption of nutrients

What is the primary form of calcium in the body?

Calcium carbonate
Hydroxyapatite (correct)
Calcium phosphate
Calcium oxide

What is the role of phosphate in cellular energy metabolism?

Fatty acid synthesis
Cell signaling
Part of the adenosine triphosphate molecule (correct)
Protein synthesis

How are calcium and phosphate homeostasis tied together?

They are components of hydroxyapatite crystals and regulated by the same hormones (A) Signup and view all the answers

What hormone regulates calcium and phosphate homeostasis?

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of calcium in nerve transmission?

Nerve transmission (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of meals on phosphate levels in the body?

Phosphate levels fluctuate (D) Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of calcium in the plasma is in the ionized form?

45% (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal serum level of calcium?

8.5 to 10.5 mg/dl (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate amount of calcium in the extracellular pool?

1000 mg (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical daily dietary intake of calcium?

800 to 1200 mg (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the net intestinal uptake of calcium?

175 mg/day (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary dietary source of calcium?

Dairy products (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of correcting laboratory calcium levels?

To determine if free calcium is in the correct range (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a possible cause of vitamin D deficiency?

Inadequate diet with little exposure to sunlight (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of impaired hydroxylation in renal diseases?

Reduced 1,25 dihydroxycolecalcitrol synthesis (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a clinical feature of hypocalcemia?

Paraesthesia (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is hypercalcemia defined as?

A corrected total serum calcium value above normal range (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the daily requirement of calcium for children?

1200mg/day (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a cause of hypercalcemia?

Primary hyperparathyroidism (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a clinical feature of chronic hypercalcemia?

All of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

Where is the majority of calcium found in the body?

Bone (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone increases calcium transport from the intestinal cells?

Parathyroid hormone (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential complication of chronic hypercalcemia?

All of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of calcitonin?

Inhibit osteoclast bone resorption (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of vitamin D on calcium absorption?

Increase calcium absorption (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the daily requirement of calcium during pregnancy and lactation?

1500mg/day (B) Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of calcium is found in soft tissue?

0.5% (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of PTHrP in the body?

To increase calcium release from bone (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of PTHrP on renal calcium excretion?

It reduces renal calcium excretion (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cancer is commonly associated with PTHrP production?

Breast or prostate cancer (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of calcitonin on serum calcium levels in animal models?

It lowers serum calcium levels (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of hypoproteinemia on total calcium levels?

It decreases total calcium levels (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the commonest cause of hypoparathyroidism?

Neck surgery (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal range for serum calcium levels?

> 8.8mg/dl (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the suggested function of calcitonin during pregnancy?

To preserve the maternal skeleton (B) Signup and view all the answers