Calcium Homeostasis and Medicinal Chemistry Quiz

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What is the role of antiresorptive agents in the management of osteoporosis?

Transport calcium ions across intestinal epithelial cells

Stimulate osteoblastic bone formation

Depress osteoclasts and diminish bone resorption (correct)

Increase PTH expression in parathyroid chief cells

Which medication is an example of a calcimimetic agent used to address hypercalcemia?

Teriparatide

Cinacalcet (correct)

Denosumab

Romosozumab

What is the primary target of Calcitriol in the body?

Intestinal epithelial cells (correct)

Parathyroid chief cells

Osteoblasts

Osteoclasts

Intravenous calcium gluconate or calcium chloride is used for the treatment of severe or chronic:

Hypocalcemia Signup and view all the answers

What is the main action of anabolic agents in the context of osteoporosis treatment?

Stimulate osteoblastic bone formation Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is an example of an antibody against sclerostin used for osteoporosis treatment?

Romosozumab Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of R2 site in Bisphosphonates?

Determines drug's effects on binding to hydroxyapatite Signup and view all the answers

How does Denosumab work in treating hypercalcemia?

Preventing binding of RANKL to RANK Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of Cinacalcet in treating hyperparathyroidism?

Reducing parathyroid hormone levels Signup and view all the answers

Which molecule is involved in the activation, differentiation, and apoptosis of osteoclasts?

RANKL Signup and view all the answers

Why are both phosphonate groups essential for Bisphosphonates' action?

Acting as a bone hook for hydroxyapatite binding Signup and view all the answers

Which drug is a monoclonal antibody that functions as a RANK ligand inhibitor?

Denosumab Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of Romosozumab (Evenity)?

Inhibits the secretion of sclerostin by osteocytes Signup and view all the answers

What effect do estrogens have on osteoclast activity?

Inhibit osteoclast activity Signup and view all the answers

How do Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs) differ from estrogens?

They are specific to target tissues Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of Raloxifene as a SERM?

Protects bone density Signup and view all the answers

How do Romosozumab, Teriparatide, and Abaloparatide differ in their effects on bone?

Romosozumab increases bone formation, Teriparatide and Abaloparatide differ Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of sclerostin in bone metabolism?

Higher levels in postmenopausal women increase bone resorption Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a parathyroid hormone-related protein analog?

Abaloparatide Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a sclerostin inhibitor?

Romosozumab Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of bisphosphonates?

They target osteoblast farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an anabolic agent to stimulate osteoblastic bone formation?

Calcitonin Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is NOT correct regarding bisphosphonates?

Alendronate is a non-nitrogen-containing bisphosphonate. Signup and view all the answers

What are the two thyroid hormones responsible for calcium homeostasis?

Calcitonin and Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) Signup and view all the answers

What does Parathyroid hormone signaling increase in osteoblasts and osteocytes?

RANKL Signup and view all the answers

What does Osteoprotegerin (OPG) do to protect the skeleton from excessive bone resorption?

Binds to RANKL Signup and view all the answers

What is the physiological process in which old or damaged bone is removed by osteoclasts (bone-resorbing cells), then replaced by new bone formed by osteoblasts (bone-forming cells)?

Bone Remodeling Cycle Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a disorder of calcium homeostasis?

Hyperthyroidism Signup and view all the answers

What regulates osteoclast development and bone metabolism?

The tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor RANK and its ligand RANKL Signup and view all the answers