Calcium Homeostasis and Medicinal Chemistry Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the role of antiresorptive agents in the management of osteoporosis?

  • Transport calcium ions across intestinal epithelial cells
  • Stimulate osteoblastic bone formation
  • Depress osteoclasts and diminish bone resorption (correct)
  • Increase PTH expression in parathyroid chief cells

Which medication is an example of a calcimimetic agent used to address hypercalcemia?

  • Teriparatide
  • Cinacalcet (correct)
  • Denosumab
  • Romosozumab

What is the primary target of Calcitriol in the body?

  • Intestinal epithelial cells (correct)
  • Parathyroid chief cells
  • Osteoblasts
  • Osteoclasts

Intravenous calcium gluconate or calcium chloride is used for the treatment of severe or chronic:

<p>Hypocalcemia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main action of anabolic agents in the context of osteoporosis treatment?

<p>Stimulate osteoblastic bone formation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is an example of an antibody against sclerostin used for osteoporosis treatment?

<p>Romosozumab (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of R2 site in Bisphosphonates?

<p>Determines drug's effects on binding to hydroxyapatite (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does Denosumab work in treating hypercalcemia?

<p>Preventing binding of RANKL to RANK (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of Cinacalcet in treating hyperparathyroidism?

<p>Reducing parathyroid hormone levels (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which molecule is involved in the activation, differentiation, and apoptosis of osteoclasts?

<p>RANKL (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are both phosphonate groups essential for Bisphosphonates' action?

<p>Acting as a bone hook for hydroxyapatite binding (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which drug is a monoclonal antibody that functions as a RANK ligand inhibitor?

<p>Denosumab (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of Romosozumab (Evenity)?

<p>Inhibits the secretion of sclerostin by osteocytes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect do estrogens have on osteoclast activity?

<p>Inhibit osteoclast activity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs) differ from estrogens?

<p>They are specific to target tissues (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of Raloxifene as a SERM?

<p>Protects bone density (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do Romosozumab, Teriparatide, and Abaloparatide differ in their effects on bone?

<p>Romosozumab increases bone formation, Teriparatide and Abaloparatide differ (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of sclerostin in bone metabolism?

<p>Higher levels in postmenopausal women increase bone resorption (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a parathyroid hormone-related protein analog?

<p>Abaloparatide (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a sclerostin inhibitor?

<p>Romosozumab (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of bisphosphonates?

<p>They target osteoblast farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an anabolic agent to stimulate osteoblastic bone formation?

<p>Calcitonin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is NOT correct regarding bisphosphonates?

<p>Alendronate is a non-nitrogen-containing bisphosphonate. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two thyroid hormones responsible for calcium homeostasis?

<p>Calcitonin and Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Parathyroid hormone signaling increase in osteoblasts and osteocytes?

<p>RANKL (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Osteoprotegerin (OPG) do to protect the skeleton from excessive bone resorption?

<p>Binds to RANKL (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the physiological process in which old or damaged bone is removed by osteoclasts (bone-resorbing cells), then replaced by new bone formed by osteoblasts (bone-forming cells)?

<p>Bone Remodeling Cycle (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a disorder of calcium homeostasis?

<p>Hyperthyroidism (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What regulates osteoclast development and bone metabolism?

<p>The tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor RANK and its ligand RANKL (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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