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Questions and Answers
What is the role of alkaline phosphatase enzyme in calcified Bilharzial ova?
What is the cause of metastatic calcification?
What is the term for the extracellular deposition of abnormal protein?
What is the cause of Addison disease in systemic amyloidosis?
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What is the primary site of deposition in systemic amyloidosis?
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What is the primary cause of localized amyloidosis?
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What is the primary consequence of chronic suppurative conditions in secondary amyloidosis?
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What is the term for the yellow to brown pigment formed from tyrosine by tyrosinase enzyme in melanocytes?
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What type of calcification occurs in normal calcium levels with tissue damage or necrotic tissues?
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What is the term for the deposition of calcium salts in sites other than bone and teeth?
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Which of the following is an example of exogenous pigment?
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What is the term for the accumulation of mucin in tissues?
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What is the term for the deposition of amyloid in tissues?
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What is the term for the accumulation large amount of water in tissues?
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Which of the following is an example of endogenous pigment?
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What type of amyloid protein is accumulated in tissues due to the secretion of light chain of immunoglobulin by malignant plasma cells?
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What is the stimulus for the liver to synthesize serum amyloid associated protein?
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What is the characteristic gross appearance of organs affected by amyloidosis?
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What is the term for the intracellular accumulation of mucoid material?
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What is the term for the microscopic change in tissue characterized by a homogeneous, structureless, and pinkish coloration?
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What is the characteristic of hyalinosis that distinguishes it from amyloidosis?
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What is the term for the extracellular deposition of amyloid protein?
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Study Notes
Calcification
- Deposition of calcium salts in living tissue due to either increase in calcium absorption or mobilization
- Causes: • Increased intake of calcium • Hypervitaminosis D • Hyperparathyroidism • Metastatic bone lesions
- Sites of deposition: • Gastric mucosa • Renal tubules (nephrocalcinosis) • Cardiac muscle
Amyloidosis
- Definition: Extracellular deposition of abnormal protein
- Types: • Localized amyloidosis • Systemic amyloidosis
- Causes and predisposing factors: • Idiopathic • Multiple myeloma • Monoclonal gammopathy • Chronic inflammatory or malignant diseases
- Effects: • Malabsorption and intestinal obstruction (GIT) • Macroglossia (tongue) • Addison disease (superarenal gland)
Pathological Calcification
- Definition: Pathological deposition of calcium salts in sites other than bone and teeth
- Types: • Dystrophic calcification • Metastatic calcification
- Dystrophic calcification: • Calcium level is normal • Tissue damage, necrotic tissues, or dead tissues attract calcium salt deposition
Hyalinosis
- Definition: Microscopic change in tissue manifested by homogeneous structureless and pinkish coloration
- Types: • Cellular hyalinosis • Extracellular hyalinosis (Connective tissue hyalinosis)
- Examples: • Russel bodies in inflammation • Mallory bodies in alcoholic cirrhosis • Corpora amylacea in nodular prostatic hyperplasia (NPH) • Zenker degenerations
Pigments
- Endogenous pigments: • Melanin: Yellow to brown pigment formed from tyrosine by tyrosinase enzyme in melanocytes • Lipofuscin • Hemosiderosis
- Exogenous pigments: • Carbon • Lead • Tattooing • Anthracosis
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Description
This quiz covers the different causes and sites of calcification in human tissue, including increased calcium intake, hypervitaminosis D, and metastatic bone lesions.
