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Questions and Answers
Which of the following is not a type of pathogen?
Which of the following is not a type of pathogen?
What is the primary function of phagocytosis?
What is the primary function of phagocytosis?
Which of the following diseases is not considered to be transmissible?
Which of the following diseases is not considered to be transmissible?
What is the primary purpose of vaccination?
What is the primary purpose of vaccination?
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Which of the following is the main function of white blood cells?
Which of the following is the main function of white blood cells?
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What is the primary goal of water treatment?
What is the primary goal of water treatment?
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What is the primary purpose of the chemical barriers in the body's non-specific defense system?
What is the primary purpose of the chemical barriers in the body's non-specific defense system?
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Which of the following is the key difference between active immunity and passive immunity?
Which of the following is the key difference between active immunity and passive immunity?
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What is the primary function of memory cells in the immune system?
What is the primary function of memory cells in the immune system?
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Which of the following is the best definition of an antigen?
Which of the following is the best definition of an antigen?
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What is the primary function of the mechanical barriers in the body's non-specific defense system?
What is the primary function of the mechanical barriers in the body's non-specific defense system?
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Which of the following is the best definition of an autoimmune disease?
Which of the following is the best definition of an autoimmune disease?
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Study Notes
Immunity and Diseases
- Active immunity: Resistance developed through production of specific antibodies in response to a pathogen, either by infection or vaccination, providing long-lasting immunity with memory cells.
Antibodies and Antigens
- Antibodies: Proteins produced by white blood cells (lymphocytes) in response to a specific antigen, triggering an immune response, with binding sites complementary to a particular antigen.
- Antigen: A unique chemical present on the surface of a cell that induces an immune response.
Immune System and Diseases
- Autoimmune disease: A disease where the immune system targets and destroys its own healthy body cells, such as type 1 diabetes.
- Transmissible disease: A disease caused by a pathogen that can be spread between hosts, either directly or indirectly.
Defence Mechanisms
- Chemical barrier: A non-specific defence that destroys invading pathogens, e.g., mucus, stomach acid.
- Mechanical barrier: A non-specific defence that physically blocks the entry of a pathogen, e.g., skin, nose hairs.
- Phagocytosis: The process by which white blood cells (phagocytes) engulf and destroy pathogens.
Immunity and Vaccination
- Passive immunity: Resistance acquired via the transfer of antibodies, e.g., from mother to infant through breastfeeding, providing short-term immunity without memory cells.
- Vaccination: The deliberate exposure of an individual to a harmless pathogen to provide active immunity.
Other Key Concepts
- Host: The organism from which a pathogen or parasite obtains nutrients and/or shelter.
- Memory cell: A type of white blood cell that remains in the blood and provides immunological memory to a specific antigen on a pathogen.
- Pathogen: A disease-causing organism, e.g., virus, fungus, bacterium, protist.
- Water treatment: Any process that improves water quality and ensures it is not contaminated by disease-causing bacteria.
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Description
Test your knowledge of definitions and concepts related to diseases and immunity in the CAIE Biology IGCSE Topic 10. Includes terms like active immunity, antibodies, and more. Enhance your understanding of diseases and immunity.
