32 Questions
Where and when was coffee first discovered and consumed?
Coffee was first discovered and consumed in Ethiopia between the 12th and 15th centuries.
What are the main sources of methylxanthines and what types of coffee account for 90% of the world's coffee production?
The main sources of methylxanthines are coffee, tea, and cocoa. The two types of coffee that account for 90% of the world's coffee production are Arabica and Canephora (also called Robusta), which are native to Ethiopia.
What are the different types of tea and what are the additional compounds found in tea besides caffeine?
Tea comes in black (fermented), oolong (semifermented), and green Chinese (unfermented) varieties. Additionally, tea contains theophylline and theobromine in addition to caffeine.
What are some other natural sources of methylxanthines mentioned in the text?
Other natural sources of methylxanthines include the Ilex plant in the Amazon region, Mate Cassina in South America, Youpon or black tea, Guarana in the Amazon, Orinoco, and Negro rivers in South America, and Cola in Southern Nigeria.
Where is caffeine found in addition to coffee and tea?
Caffeine is found in soft drinks, energy drinks, food additives, pudding mixes, baked goods, dairy desserts, candy, and medicines.
How is caffeine typically administered and when does it reach peak concentration in the blood?
It is administered orally, rectally, intramuscularly, or intravenously, with peak concentration in the blood occurring approximately 30 minutes after consumption.
How is caffeine distributed throughout the body?
Caffeine is distributed throughout the body, including crossing the blood-brain and placental barriers and present in body fluids and breast milk.
What percentage of caffeine is excreted unchanged in urine and what is its half-life?
Less than 2% of caffeine is excreted unchanged in urine, with a half-life of 2 to 4 hours.
What can affect the metabolism of caffeine?
Alcohol, broccoli, smoking, and pregnancy can affect the metabolism of caffeine.
What are some effects of caffeine on the nervous system?
Caffeine's effects include stimulating the peripheral nervous system and mild effects on the central nervous system, impacting human performance, behavior, and sleep.
Who should avoid chronic caffeine use and why?
Individuals with high blood pressure, ulcers, or certain medications should avoid chronic caffeine use.
What are some symptoms of caffeine withdrawal?
Caffeine withdrawal symptoms include decreased locomotor activity, disruption of ongoing operant responding, headache, drowsiness, decreased energy, and fatigue.
What are some harmful effects of caffeine consumption?
Harmful effects of caffeine consumption include potential impacts on reproduction, cardiac disease, bone density, anxiety, and lethal overdose.
Why is young people's caffeine consumption a special concern?
Young people's caffeine consumption is a special concern due to potential impacts on behavioral effects, obesity, diabetes, and osteoporosis.
What percentage of the global population consumes caffeine regularly and what is the average consumption?
Approximately 80% of the global population, with 90% in North America, consumes caffeine regularly, with an average consumption of around 70-76mg/person/day.
What is the value of the global caffeine market and what is the second most common beverage after water?
The value of coffee and products containing methylxanthines reached $65.2 billion in world exports, with coffee being the second most common beverage after water.
CAFFEINE Xanthine is a ______ or methylxanthine
stimulant
SOURCES OF METHYLXANTHINES: COFFEE ARABICA AND CANEPHORA (ALSO CALLED ROBUSTA) 2 types account for 90% of world’s ______
coffee
SOURCES OF METHYLXANTHINES: TEA Made from leaves of Camellia sinensis Black (fermented) Oolong (semifermented) Green Chinese (unfermented) Scented with flower petals ______
Jasmine
OTHER NATURAL SOURCES OF METHYLXANTHINES Ilex plant Amazon region Mate Cassina South America Youpon or black tea ______
Guarana
Chronic caffeine use is not typically problematic for most people but is contraindicated for individuals with high blood pressure, ulcers, or certain ______
medications
Caffeine's effects include stimulating the peripheral nervous system and mild effects on the central nervous system, impacting human performance, behavior, and ______
sleep
Caffeine is distributed throughout the body, including crossing the blood-brain and placental barriers and present in body fluids and ______
breast milk
Less than 2% of caffeine is excreted unchanged in urine, with a half-life of 2 to 4 hours and metabolism affected by alcohol, broccoli, smoking, and ______
pregnancy
It is administered orally, rectally, intramuscularly, or intravenously, with peak concentration in the blood occurring approximately 30 minutes after ______
consumption
Tolerance to caffeine's effects varies, with the central nervous system developing tolerance quickly, leading to increased intake over ______
time
Caffeine withdrawal symptoms include decreased locomotor activity, disruption of ongoing operant responding, headache, drowsiness, decreased energy, and ______
fatigue
Approximately 80% of the global population, with 90% in North America, consumes caffeine regularly, with an average consumption of around ______
70-76mg/person/day
Young people's caffeine consumption is a special concern due to potential impacts on behavioral effects, obesity, diabetes, and ______
osteoporosis
Harmful effects of caffeine consumption include potential impacts on reproduction, cardiac disease, bone density, anxiety, and lethal ______
overdose
The global caffeine market is significant, with coffee being the second most common beverage after water, and the value of coffee and products containing methylxanthines reaching $65.2 billion in world ______
exports
Caffeine is found in soft drinks, energy drinks, food additives, pudding mixes, baked goods, dairy desserts, candy, and ______
medicines
Study Notes
Caffeine: Neuropharmacology, Effects, and Use
- Caffeine is found in soft drinks, energy drinks, food additives, pudding mixes, baked goods, dairy desserts, candy, and medicines.
- It is administered orally, rectally, intramuscularly, or intravenously, with peak concentration in the blood occurring approximately 30 minutes after consumption.
- Caffeine is distributed throughout the body, including crossing the blood-brain and placental barriers and present in body fluids and breast milk.
- Less than 2% of caffeine is excreted unchanged in urine, with a half-life of 2 to 4 hours and metabolism affected by alcohol, broccoli, smoking, and pregnancy.
- Caffeine's effects include stimulating the peripheral nervous system and mild effects on the central nervous system, impacting human performance, behavior, and sleep.
- Chronic caffeine use is not typically problematic for most people but is contraindicated for individuals with high blood pressure, ulcers, or certain medications.
- Tolerance to caffeine's effects varies, with the central nervous system developing tolerance quickly, leading to increased intake over time.
- Caffeine withdrawal symptoms include decreased locomotor activity, disruption of ongoing operant responding, headache, drowsiness, decreased energy, and fatigue.
- Harmful effects of caffeine consumption include potential impacts on reproduction, cardiac disease, bone density, anxiety, and lethal overdose.
- Young people's caffeine consumption is a special concern due to potential impacts on behavioral effects, obesity, diabetes, and osteoporosis.
- Approximately 80% of the global population, with 90% in North America, consumes caffeine regularly, with an average consumption of around 70-76mg/person/day.
- The global caffeine market is significant, with coffee being the second most common beverage after water, and the value of coffee and products containing methylxanthines reaching $65.2 billion in world exports.
Caffeine: Neuropharmacology, Effects, and Use
- Caffeine is found in soft drinks, energy drinks, food additives, pudding mixes, baked goods, dairy desserts, candy, and medicines.
- It is administered orally, rectally, intramuscularly, or intravenously, with peak concentration in the blood occurring approximately 30 minutes after consumption.
- Caffeine is distributed throughout the body, including crossing the blood-brain and placental barriers and present in body fluids and breast milk.
- Less than 2% of caffeine is excreted unchanged in urine, with a half-life of 2 to 4 hours and metabolism affected by alcohol, broccoli, smoking, and pregnancy.
- Caffeine's effects include stimulating the peripheral nervous system and mild effects on the central nervous system, impacting human performance, behavior, and sleep.
- Chronic caffeine use is not typically problematic for most people but is contraindicated for individuals with high blood pressure, ulcers, or certain medications.
- Tolerance to caffeine's effects varies, with the central nervous system developing tolerance quickly, leading to increased intake over time.
- Caffeine withdrawal symptoms include decreased locomotor activity, disruption of ongoing operant responding, headache, drowsiness, decreased energy, and fatigue.
- Harmful effects of caffeine consumption include potential impacts on reproduction, cardiac disease, bone density, anxiety, and lethal overdose.
- Young people's caffeine consumption is a special concern due to potential impacts on behavioral effects, obesity, diabetes, and osteoporosis.
- Approximately 80% of the global population, with 90% in North America, consumes caffeine regularly, with an average consumption of around 70-76mg/person/day.
- The global caffeine market is significant, with coffee being the second most common beverage after water, and the value of coffee and products containing methylxanthines reaching $65.2 billion in world exports.
Test your knowledge of caffeine's neuropharmacology, effects, and use with this informative quiz. Explore its distribution in the body, impact on human performance, potential harmful effects, and global consumption trends.
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