Caffeine

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Questions and Answers

Where and when was coffee first discovered and consumed?

Coffee was first discovered and consumed in Ethiopia between the 12th and 15th centuries.

What are the main sources of methylxanthines and what types of coffee account for 90% of the world's coffee production?

The main sources of methylxanthines are coffee, tea, and cocoa. The two types of coffee that account for 90% of the world's coffee production are Arabica and Canephora (also called Robusta), which are native to Ethiopia.

What are the different types of tea and what are the additional compounds found in tea besides caffeine?

Tea comes in black (fermented), oolong (semifermented), and green Chinese (unfermented) varieties. Additionally, tea contains theophylline and theobromine in addition to caffeine.

What are some other natural sources of methylxanthines mentioned in the text?

Other natural sources of methylxanthines include the Ilex plant in the Amazon region, Mate Cassina in South America, Youpon or black tea, Guarana in the Amazon, Orinoco, and Negro rivers in South America, and Cola in Southern Nigeria. Signup and view all the answers

Where is caffeine found in addition to coffee and tea?

Caffeine is found in soft drinks, energy drinks, food additives, pudding mixes, baked goods, dairy desserts, candy, and medicines. Signup and view all the answers

How is caffeine typically administered and when does it reach peak concentration in the blood?

It is administered orally, rectally, intramuscularly, or intravenously, with peak concentration in the blood occurring approximately 30 minutes after consumption. Signup and view all the answers

How is caffeine distributed throughout the body?

Caffeine is distributed throughout the body, including crossing the blood-brain and placental barriers and present in body fluids and breast milk. Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of caffeine is excreted unchanged in urine and what is its half-life?

Less than 2% of caffeine is excreted unchanged in urine, with a half-life of 2 to 4 hours. Signup and view all the answers

What can affect the metabolism of caffeine?

Alcohol, broccoli, smoking, and pregnancy can affect the metabolism of caffeine. Signup and view all the answers

What are some effects of caffeine on the nervous system?

Caffeine's effects include stimulating the peripheral nervous system and mild effects on the central nervous system, impacting human performance, behavior, and sleep. Signup and view all the answers

Who should avoid chronic caffeine use and why?

Individuals with high blood pressure, ulcers, or certain medications should avoid chronic caffeine use. Signup and view all the answers

What are some symptoms of caffeine withdrawal?

Caffeine withdrawal symptoms include decreased locomotor activity, disruption of ongoing operant responding, headache, drowsiness, decreased energy, and fatigue. Signup and view all the answers

What are some harmful effects of caffeine consumption?

Harmful effects of caffeine consumption include potential impacts on reproduction, cardiac disease, bone density, anxiety, and lethal overdose. Signup and view all the answers

Why is young people's caffeine consumption a special concern?

Young people's caffeine consumption is a special concern due to potential impacts on behavioral effects, obesity, diabetes, and osteoporosis. Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the global population consumes caffeine regularly and what is the average consumption?

Approximately 80% of the global population, with 90% in North America, consumes caffeine regularly, with an average consumption of around 70-76mg/person/day. Signup and view all the answers

What is the value of the global caffeine market and what is the second most common beverage after water?

The value of coffee and products containing methylxanthines reached $65.2 billion in world exports, with coffee being the second most common beverage after water. Signup and view all the answers

CAFFEINE Xanthine is a ______ or methylxanthine

stimulant Signup and view all the answers

SOURCES OF METHYLXANTHINES: COFFEE ARABICA AND CANEPHORA (ALSO CALLED ROBUSTA) 2 types account for 90% of world’s ______

coffee Signup and view all the answers

SOURCES OF METHYLXANTHINES: TEA Made from leaves of Camellia sinensis Black (fermented) Oolong (semifermented) Green Chinese (unfermented) Scented with flower petals ______

Jasmine Signup and view all the answers

OTHER NATURAL SOURCES OF METHYLXANTHINES Ilex plant Amazon region Mate Cassina South America Youpon or black tea ______

Guarana Signup and view all the answers

Chronic caffeine use is not typically problematic for most people but is contraindicated for individuals with high blood pressure, ulcers, or certain ______

medications Signup and view all the answers

Caffeine's effects include stimulating the peripheral nervous system and mild effects on the central nervous system, impacting human performance, behavior, and ______

sleep Signup and view all the answers

Caffeine is distributed throughout the body, including crossing the blood-brain and placental barriers and present in body fluids and ______

breast milk Signup and view all the answers

Less than 2% of caffeine is excreted unchanged in urine, with a half-life of 2 to 4 hours and metabolism affected by alcohol, broccoli, smoking, and ______

pregnancy Signup and view all the answers

It is administered orally, rectally, intramuscularly, or intravenously, with peak concentration in the blood occurring approximately 30 minutes after ______

consumption Signup and view all the answers

Tolerance to caffeine's effects varies, with the central nervous system developing tolerance quickly, leading to increased intake over ______

time Signup and view all the answers

Caffeine withdrawal symptoms include decreased locomotor activity, disruption of ongoing operant responding, headache, drowsiness, decreased energy, and ______

fatigue Signup and view all the answers

Approximately 80% of the global population, with 90% in North America, consumes caffeine regularly, with an average consumption of around ______

70-76mg/person/day Signup and view all the answers

Young people's caffeine consumption is a special concern due to potential impacts on behavioral effects, obesity, diabetes, and ______

osteoporosis Signup and view all the answers

Harmful effects of caffeine consumption include potential impacts on reproduction, cardiac disease, bone density, anxiety, and lethal ______

overdose Signup and view all the answers

The global caffeine market is significant, with coffee being the second most common beverage after water, and the value of coffee and products containing methylxanthines reaching $65.2 billion in world ______

exports Signup and view all the answers

Caffeine is found in soft drinks, energy drinks, food additives, pudding mixes, baked goods, dairy desserts, candy, and ______

medicines Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Caffeine: Neuropharmacology, Effects, and Use

Caffeine is found in soft drinks, energy drinks, food additives, pudding mixes, baked goods, dairy desserts, candy, and medicines.
It is administered orally, rectally, intramuscularly, or intravenously, with peak concentration in the blood occurring approximately 30 minutes after consumption.
Caffeine is distributed throughout the body, including crossing the blood-brain and placental barriers and present in body fluids and breast milk.
Less than 2% of caffeine is excreted unchanged in urine, with a half-life of 2 to 4 hours and metabolism affected by alcohol, broccoli, smoking, and pregnancy.
Caffeine's effects include stimulating the peripheral nervous system and mild effects on the central nervous system, impacting human performance, behavior, and sleep.
Chronic caffeine use is not typically problematic for most people but is contraindicated for individuals with high blood pressure, ulcers, or certain medications.
Tolerance to caffeine's effects varies, with the central nervous system developing tolerance quickly, leading to increased intake over time.
Caffeine withdrawal symptoms include decreased locomotor activity, disruption of ongoing operant responding, headache, drowsiness, decreased energy, and fatigue.
Harmful effects of caffeine consumption include potential impacts on reproduction, cardiac disease, bone density, anxiety, and lethal overdose.
Young people's caffeine consumption is a special concern due to potential impacts on behavioral effects, obesity, diabetes, and osteoporosis.
Approximately 80% of the global population, with 90% in North America, consumes caffeine regularly, with an average consumption of around 70-76mg/person/day.
The global caffeine market is significant, with coffee being the second most common beverage after water, and the value of coffee and products containing methylxanthines reaching $65.2 billion in world exports.