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Questions and Answers
Which instrument is responsible for measuring the aircraft's speed?
Which instrument is responsible for measuring the aircraft's speed?
- Altimeter
- Heading Indicator
- Airspeed Indicator (correct)
- Attitude Indicator
What is the primary function of the Attitude Indicator?
What is the primary function of the Attitude Indicator?
- Indicates the aircraft's orientation relative to the horizon (correct)
- Measures the aircraft's vertical speed
- Displays the aircraft's heading
- Shows the aircraft's altitude
Which of the following instruments is NOT part of the six essential flight instruments?
Which of the following instruments is NOT part of the six essential flight instruments?
- Airspeed Indicator
- Navigation Display (correct)
- Vertical Speed Indicator
- Turn Coordinator
What standardized arrangement is commonly used for instrument layout in US aircraft since the 1940s?
What standardized arrangement is commonly used for instrument layout in US aircraft since the 1940s?
Which instrument provides information about the rate of climb or descent of the aircraft?
Which instrument provides information about the rate of climb or descent of the aircraft?
What is the primary component of the Earth's atmosphere by percentage?
What is the primary component of the Earth's atmosphere by percentage?
Who was the first pilot to fly an aircraft using instruments only?
Who was the first pilot to fly an aircraft using instruments only?
Which instrument is used to indicate the aircraft's altitude?
Which instrument is used to indicate the aircraft's altitude?
Which property of the atmosphere decreases with altitude?
Which property of the atmosphere decreases with altitude?
What is the main purpose of the Turn Coordinator?
What is the main purpose of the Turn Coordinator?
What is atmospheric pressure defined as?
What is atmospheric pressure defined as?
What phenomenon primarily causes the increase in temperature at lower altitudes?
What phenomenon primarily causes the increase in temperature at lower altitudes?
Which gas constitutes the second largest percentage of the Earth's atmosphere?
Which gas constitutes the second largest percentage of the Earth's atmosphere?
What is the function of a mercury barometer?
What is the function of a mercury barometer?
What does density in the atmosphere refer to?
What does density in the atmosphere refer to?
Why does pressure decrease as altitude increases?
Why does pressure decrease as altitude increases?
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Study Notes
Basic Flight Instruments
- Flight instruments provide pilots with critical data regarding the aircraft's flight situation.
- Standard set of six instruments includes:
- Airspeed Indicator
- Attitude Indicator
- Altimeter
- Turn Coordinator (or Turn and Slip Indicator)
- Heading Indicator
- Vertical Speed Indicator
Instrument Panel Arrangement
- Most U.S. aircraft since the 1940s feature a standardized "T" arrangement for flight instruments.
Instrument Standardization
- In 1937, the British Royal Air Force established a standard panel of six essential flight instruments for instrument meteorological conditions (IMC).
- The standard instruments remain the same as listed previously.
Instrument Flight Milestone
- James Harold Doolittle was the first pilot to take off, fly, and land using only instruments, without outside visual reference.
Atmosphere Definition
- The atmosphere is described as the spheroidal gaseous envelope surrounding a heavenly body.
Composition of the Atmosphere
- Key components of Earth's atmosphere:
- Nitrogen (N): 78.00%
- Oxygen (O2): 21.00%
- Argon (Ar): 0.9%
- Carbon Dioxide (CO2): 0.05%
Properties of Earth's Atmosphere
- Variations in atmosphere occur both vertically and horizontally in pressure, temperature, and density.
- Atmospheric pressure is the force exerted in all directions by the weight of the air above an object.
Atmospheric Pressure
- Atmospheric pressure decreases from sea level upwards to the top of the atmosphere.
Temperature Concepts
- Temperature is defined as the degree of hotness or coldness measured on a scale, influenced by factors like solar radiation.
Density in the Atmosphere
- Density refers to the mass per unit volume, indicating how much matter is present in a given volume.
Mercury Barometer
- A mercury barometer measures atmospheric pressure using a glass tube filled with mercury (Hg) sealed at one end, with the other end immersed in an open mercury reservoir.
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