CADD: Flowchart History - COME 1051

History of Flowcharts

• The concept of the "Flow Process Chart" was introduced by Frank and Lillian Gilbreth in 1921 to the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME).
• Allan H. Mogensen trained business professionals on industrial engineering tools during his conferences.
• Art Spinanger implemented tools from Mogensen at Procter and Gamble, developing their methods change program.
• Ben S. Graham created the Multi-Flow Process Chart in 1947, applying it to information processing.
• In 1947, ASME adopted symbols derived from Gilbreth's work as the "ASME Standard: Operation and Flow Process Charts."
• Douglas Hartree noted flowchart development by Herman Goldstine and John Von Neumann, specific to programming.
• Flowcharts served as a popular tool for describing computer algorithms, though their use decreased significantly in the 1970s.

Flowchart Definition and Purpose

• Flowcharts visually represent processes, highlighting steps, decision points, and paths.
• Their purpose is to aid in understanding, analyzing, and optimizing processes across various fields like software development, engineering, and business.
• A well-structured flowchart is essential for clear communication and logical step progression.

Flowchart Symbols

• Terminal (Start/End): Indicates the beginning or conclusion of a process.
• Process (Rectangle): Represents an action step or operation, usually including a verb (e.g., 'Edit Video').
• Data (I/O - Parallelogram): Shows inputs and outputs of a process.
• Decision (Diamond): Used to pose a question, with Yes/True or No/False outcomes determining process flow.
• Document: Represents a report or document within the flow.
• Stored Data: Denotes general data storage objects.
• Direct Data: Represents readily accessible information stored directly.
• Internal Storage: Illustrates information held in memory rather than on a file.
• Subroutine: Used for repetitive processes or predefined tasks, allowing for efficient coding.

Flowchart Tools

• Popular software includes Smart Draw, Microsoft Visio, Gliffy, EdrawMax, and others, allowing users to create and customize flowcharts.

Steps to Draw a Flowchart

• Determine the flowchart's purpose and scope.
• Identify the steps and their sequence clearly.
• Choose appropriate symbols that convey meaning effectively.
• Draw the flowchart following logical progressions.
• Test and refine the flowchart for clarity and accuracy.

Tips for Designing a Flowchart

• Maintain consistent design elements for better readability.
• Ensure clarity and simplicity in data presentation.
• Organize data flow from left to right, using color coding wisely to enhance understanding.
• Use straightforward paths and avoid excessive complexity to keep audience engagement.

Common Mistakes in Flowcharts

• Inconsistent use of symbols and flow directions.
• Overly complicated color schemes and symbols.
• Lack of clear descriptions and labeling leading to misinterpretation.
• Unclear alternate paths and excessive detail, creating confusion.

Effective Applications of Flowcharts

• Banking Teller flowcharts optimize service processes.
• Recruitment Process flowcharts streamline hiring procedures.
• Credit Card Transaction and University Admission Process flowcharts enhance operational efficiency.
• Video Uploading and Purchase Order Process flowcharts improve usability and tracking.

Unit Symbols

• Recognize decimal prefixes like Yotta (10^24), Zetta (10^21), down to Yocto (10^-24) used across scientific and engineering contexts.

Circuit and Electronic Component Symbols

• Electrical diagrams utilize specific symbols for wires, switches, sources, diodes, transistors, and more.
• Common components include capacitors, inductors, and amplifiers, each with distinct representations for clarity in electrical schematics.