Pharm Exam 5 Review

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Questions and Answers

What are 3 significant adverse effects of Lidocaine (Xylocaine) when given for dysrhythmias?

Convulsions, Twitching, Confusion (correct)
Dysphagia, Bells Palsy, Myalgia
Pruitis, Itching, Urticaria
Restlessness, Agitation, Mood Changes

All of the following statements about adenosine (Adenocard) are correct EXCEPT:

very short half-life—less than 10 seconds
administered as fast intravenous (IV) push
wear gloves with topical or paste administration (correct)
may cause asystole for a few seconds

Ibutilide (Corvert) is used for rapid conversion of atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter into normal sinus rhythm.

True (A)

Oral NTG administration experiences a large first-pass effect, reducing potency. We give SL or IV for faster effects.

True (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the classification of isosorbide dinitrate (Isordil)?

Organic Nitrate (@) Signup and view all the answers

Nesiritide (Natrecor) is most commonly used for?

To treat severe, life-threatening heart failure (B) Signup and view all the answers

Because of its negative chronotropic effect, Digoxin should be held and the doctor called if:

Apical heart rate is assessed for 1 minute is less than 60 (A) Signup and view all the answers

You are educating your patient who has been newly prescribed digoxin. Which of the following foods should they avoid due to its binding effect?

Fiber (bran) (C) Signup and view all the answers

Milrinone (Primacor) causes which positive inotropic effect?

Increased force of cardiac contractions (B) Signup and view all the answers

Because there is iodine in its chemical structure, patients on amiodarone (Cordarone) may need thyroid testing?

True (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the drug of choice for severe ventricular dysrhythmias?

Amiodarone (Cordarone) (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which drug is most appropriate for a patient with new onset of rapid-rate atrial fibrillation?

Diltiazem (Cardizem) (D) Signup and view all the answers

How does Vaughan Williams classification categorize antidysrhythmic medications?

electrophysiologic effect on the action potential of cardiac cells (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the classification of valsartan (Diovan)?

Angiotensin II receptor blocker (D) Signup and view all the answers

Nitrates taken with erectile dysfunction medications can cause dangerously low blood pressure?

True (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which drug class is diltiazem (Cardizem)?

Calcium Channel Blocker (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the drug class of metoprolol (Toprol XL)?

Beta-blocker (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary action of metoprolol?

Blocks beta-1 adrenergic receptors, decreasing heart rate. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What are the order parameters for metoprolol (Toprol XL)?

If HR is less than 60 and/or systolic BP less than 100, hold dose and contact physician (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the beneficial effect of digoxin (Digitalis)?

Increase in myocardial contractility. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the therapeutic index for digitalis (Digoxin)?

0.5 to 2 ng/mL (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the antidote for digoxin toxicity?

Digoxin immune fab (Digifab) (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which electrolyte, if low, can cause a patient to be more susceptible to digoxin toxicity?

Potassium (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the drug class of milrinone (Primacor)?

Phosphodiesterase inhibitors (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary action of milrinone (Primacor)?

Inhibits enzyme phosphodiesterase type 3 (C) Signup and view all the answers

Adverse effects of milrinone (Primacor) include which of the following? (Select All That Apply)

Cardiac Dysrhythmias (C), Hypotension (D), Headache (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the drug class for nesiritide (Natrecor)?

Human B-type Natriuretic Peptide (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action (MOA) for amiodarone (Cordarone)? (Select All That Apply)

Markedly prolongs the action potential duration and the effective refractory period in all cardiac tissues. (A), Blocks alpha and beta-adrenergic receptors. (@) Signup and view all the answers

Adverse effects of amiodarone (Cordarone) include which of the following? (Select all that apply)

photosensitivity (B), thyroid disorders (C), corneal microdeposits (A), pulmonary toxicity (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which tests should be done prior to initiating amiodarone (Cordarone) therapy? (Select all that apply)

Thyroid Function Testing (A), Pulmonary Function Testing (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the drug class of lidocaine (Xylocaine)?

1b antiarrhythmic (B) Signup and view all the answers

Digoxin has which type of effect on the heart?

negative chronotropic effect (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary action of nitroglycerin?

Dilate blood vessels (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which medication should you avoid when taking nitroglycerin?

Sildenafil (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common side effect associated with nitroglycerin use?

headache (A) Signup and view all the answers

What type of effect does Lidocaine have on the heart?

Negative dromotropic effect (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is ranolazine (Ranexa) used for?

Chronic angina (A) Signup and view all the answers

Ranolazine (Ranexa) relieves angina but does not decrease blood pressure or heart rate.

True (A) Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Adverse effects of Lidocaine

Convulsions, twitching, confusion.

Use of Ibutilide (Corvert)

Rapid conversion of atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter into normal sinus rhythm.