Oral Cavity

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What is the capital of France? (example question)

Paris (correct)
London
Berlin
Madrid

The following nerve is sensory to the anterior 1/3 of the hard palate

Nasopalatine nerve (V2)

The following nerve is sensory to the posterior 2/3 of the hard palate

Greater palatine nerve (V2)

Which muscle tenses the soft palate & opens the auditory tube?

Tensor veli palatini

Levator veli palatini muscle

Elevates the soft palate

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Does the soft palate get elevated or depressed during phonation?

ELEVATED during PHONATION

(Think of elevating a phone to speak)

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Does the soft palate get elevated of depressed to swallow?

DEPRESSED - Swallowing

Think of how your saliva goes DOWN when swallowing

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The following muscle retracts (shortens) the uvula & creates a seal at the palatopharyngeal sphincter --> this helps seal off the oral cavity from the nasal cavity

Musculus uvulae

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The following muscle depresses the soft palate, constricts the oropharyngeal isthmus, and elevates the pharynx

Palatopharyngeus muscle

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The following muscle depresses the soft palate, constricts the oropharyngeal isthmus and elevates the posterior tongue

Palatoglossus muscle

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What cranial nerve innervates the majority of the soft palate muscles?

CN X with the exception of the tensor veli palatini which is innervated by CN V3

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T or F: The tensor veli palatini is innervated by CN X

FALSE - The tensor veli palatini is the only soft palate muscle that IS NOT innervated by CN X - it is innervated by CN V3

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Effect of CN X lesion on the soft palate muscles

If the CN X is lesions, the soft palate sags on the ipsilateral side but the uvula will deviate away from the side of the lesion

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Gag reflex afferent and efferent limbs

Afferent: CN IX Efferent: CN X

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Oral tongue

Anterior 2/3 of the tongue that is movable

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Pharyngeal tongue

Posterior 1/3 of the tongue that is not freely movable

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What divides the oral tongue from the pharyngeal tongue?

V-shaped terminal sulcus

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What does the foramen cecum mark?

Where the epithelium invaginated to form the thyroid gland in the embryo

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Where are the sublingual folds in relation to the frenulum of the tongue?

Lateral to the frenulum

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Where do the sublingual folds open into?

SUBLINGUAL CARUNCLES, located next to the base of the frenulum

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Sensory innervation for anterior 2/3 of the tongue

Lingual nerve (CN V3)

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Sensory innervation for the posterior 1/3 of the tongue

Glossopharyngeal (CN IX) Nerve

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Genioglossus Muscle

Pulls tongue anteriorly and depresses the central part (This is the muscle that's weak in your body because this muscle is supposed to push tongue forward and not let it obstruct your airway!)

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Hyoglossus

Depresses the tongue

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Styloglossus

Retrudes (pushes backward) and pulls the posterior region superiorly (elevates the back of the tongue) to help with swallowing

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Palatoglossus

Elevates the tongue

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T or F: All intrinsic tongue muscles are innervated by the hypoglossal (CN XII) nerve

FALSE - the PALATOGLOSSAL nerve is innervated by CN X

The rest (genioglossus, hyoglossus, styloglossus) are innervated by CN XII

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What happens when CN XII is lesioned?

Tongue points TOWARDS the side of the lesion

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What two muscles does the hypoglossal nerve pass between when entering oral cavity?

Mylohyoid and hyoglossus muscles

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What structures does the lingual artery pass deep to when entering the oral cavity?

Hyoglossus muscle and hypoglossal nerve

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The lingual nerve passes inferior to what when entering the oral cavity?

Lingual nerve passes inferior to the submandibular duct (water over the bridge here since the duct's got saliva)

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The nerve to mylohyoid (V3) innervates which suprahyoid muscles?

Anterior belly of digastric and mylohyoid

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The motor branch from CN VII innervates which suprahyoid muscles?

Posterior belly of the digastric and sylohyoid

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The C1 motor branch that travels with the hypoglossal nerve innervates which suprahyoid muscles?

Geniohyoid muscle

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Oral Cavity

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Questions and Answers

What is the capital of France? (example question)

Flashcards

The following nerve is sensory to the anterior 1/3 of the hard palate

The following nerve is sensory to the posterior 2/3 of the hard palate

Which muscle tenses the soft palate & opens the auditory tube?

Levator veli palatini muscle

Does the soft palate get elevated or depressed during phonation?

Does the soft palate get elevated of depressed to swallow?

The following muscle retracts (shortens) the uvula & creates a seal at the palatopharyngeal sphincter --> this helps seal off the oral cavity from the nasal cavity

The following muscle depresses the soft palate, constricts the oropharyngeal isthmus, and elevates the pharynx

The following muscle depresses the soft palate, constricts the oropharyngeal isthmus and elevates the posterior tongue

What cranial nerve innervates the majority of the soft palate muscles?

T or F: The tensor veli palatini is innervated by CN X

Effect of CN X lesion on the soft palate muscles

Gag reflex afferent and efferent limbs

Oral tongue

Pharyngeal tongue

What divides the oral tongue from the pharyngeal tongue?

What does the foramen cecum mark?

Where are the sublingual folds in relation to the frenulum of the tongue?

Where do the sublingual folds open into?

Sensory innervation for anterior 2/3 of the tongue

Sensory innervation for the posterior 1/3 of the tongue

Genioglossus Muscle

Hyoglossus

Styloglossus

Palatoglossus

T or F: All intrinsic tongue muscles are innervated by the hypoglossal (CN XII) nerve

What happens when CN XII is lesioned?

What two muscles does the hypoglossal nerve pass between when entering oral cavity?

What structures does the lingual artery pass deep to when entering the oral cavity?

The lingual nerve passes inferior to what when entering the oral cavity?

The nerve to mylohyoid (V3) innervates which suprahyoid muscles?

The motor branch from CN VII innervates which suprahyoid muscles?

The C1 motor branch that travels with the hypoglossal nerve innervates which suprahyoid muscles?

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