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Questions and Answers
What is the purpose of routing the overhead vapor from E-445 back to T-440?
What is the purpose of routing the overhead vapor from E-445 back to T-440?
It is for temperature control.
How is the liquid bottom from E-445 processed further?
How is the liquid bottom from E-445 processed further?
It is routed by P-445A/B to T-450 as feed.
What happens to the feed after passing through F-453?
What happens to the feed after passing through F-453?
It is routed to T-450 between the top and bottom beds.
What is produced from the separation of the feed in T-450?
What is produced from the separation of the feed in T-450?
Where is the overhead vapor from T-450 routed for cooling?
Where is the overhead vapor from T-450 routed for cooling?
How is the steam condensate managed after cooling in E-450?
How is the steam condensate managed after cooling in E-450?
What role do P-450A/B pumps play in the process?
What role do P-450A/B pumps play in the process?
What is done with off-spec C14 product?
What is done with off-spec C14 product?
How is the overhead vapor from E-455 used in the system?
How is the overhead vapor from E-455 used in the system?
What happens to the liquid bottom from E-455?
What happens to the liquid bottom from E-455?
What is the primary purpose of F-444 in the process described?
What is the primary purpose of F-444 in the process described?
How is the feed heated in E-443?
How is the feed heated in E-443?
What are the two streams that the feed is separated into in T-440?
What are the two streams that the feed is separated into in T-440?
What is done with the condensed vapor from T-440 after it reaches D-440?
What is done with the condensed vapor from T-440 after it reaches D-440?
What role does E-440 serve in the distillation process?
What role does E-440 serve in the distillation process?
How is pressure control maintained in the system?
How is pressure control maintained in the system?
What is the function of P-440A/B in the process?
What is the function of P-440A/B in the process?
What happens to the off-spec C12 product?
What happens to the off-spec C12 product?
Which component is used to pull a vacuum in the system?
Which component is used to pull a vacuum in the system?
What is heated in E-445 and by what medium?
What is heated in E-445 and by what medium?
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Study Notes
Feed System Overview
- C12-C24 feed enters T-430 (C12-C24 Tower) and is directed to F-444 (C12 Tower Feed Strainer).
- The feed is preheated in E-443 (C12 Tower Feed Preheater) using 400 psig steam, with condensate directed to the Steam Condensate Header.
C12 Tower Operation
- Heated feed flows to T-440 (C12 Tower), entering on a chimney tray for effective vapor-liquid interaction.
- Feed splits into overhead vapor (C12 Product) and bottom liquid (C14-C24).
- Overhead vapor travels to E-440 (C12 Tower Condenser) where it's cooled by boiler feed water; condensed vapor goes to D-440 (C12 Tower Reflux Drum).
Vapor Management
- Non-condensable vapor moves to E-441 (C12 Tower Vent Condenser) for cooling with water.
- A portion of condensed vapor recirculates into D-440 to maintain pressure and system efficiency.
- Cooled overhead gas from D-440 combines with non-condensables from E-480 for pressure control, then moves to Z-440 (C12 Tower 2nd Stage Ejector).
Ejector and Condensate Handling
- 100 psig steam pulls a vacuum for the cooled overhead gas routing to E-449 (C12 Tower Ejector Interstage Condenser).
- Condensate exits E-449 to D-433 (Process Water Surge Drum).
- Gaseous product is sent to Z-441 (C12 Tower 2nd Stage Ejector) and further processes via E-480.
Reflux and Product Management
- Liquid bottoms from D-440 are pumped by P-440A/B back to T-440 as reflux and also to E-442 (C12 Product Cooler).
- Cooled C12 product is directed to TK-812; off-spec goes to Unit 1791.
C14 Tower Operation
- Bottom liquid from T-440 feeds into E-445 (C12 Tower Reboiler), heated by Dowtherm.
- Overhead vapor returns to T-440 for temperature regulation.
C14 Tower Process
- T-450 (C14 Tower) receives C14-C24 feed, separated into overhead vapor (C14 Product) and bottom liquid (C16-C24).
- Overhead vapor is condensed in E-450, and the condensate is sent to D-450 (C14 Tower Reflux Drum).
- Non-condensables from E-451 are similarly handled, with some vapor returning to D-450.
C14 Product Handling
- Cooled gases from D-450 and non-condensables are sent to Z-450 (C14 Tower 2nd Stage Ejector) for pressure management via E-459.
- Liquid bottoms from D-450 are sent back to T-450 as reflux and to E-452 (C14 Product Cooler).
Product Outcomes
- C14 product is cooled and stored in TK-814; off-spec product routed to Unit 1791.
- T-450 bottom liquid is heated in E-455 (C14 Tower Reboiler) before being sent to T-460 (C16 Tower).
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