C Programming Week 10 - Structs and Linked Lists
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Questions and Answers

Which operation is permitted on a struct variable?

  • Nesting struct variables of the same type
  • Using relational operators to compare two struct variables
  • Assigning a struct variable to a different struct type
  • Initializing a struct variable at the time of definition (correct)

    • What is a characteristic of a self-referential structure?

  • It cannot be nested with different struct types.
  • It contains a pointer to the same struct type. (correct)
  • It includes a pointer to a different struct type.
  • It can contain multiple struct variables of the same type.

    • What must be true for two struct variables before they can be assigned to each other?

  • They can be of different struct types.
  • They must be initialized with values.
  • They must be of the same struct type. (correct)
  • They must both only contain primitive types.

    • Why is a linked list different from an array in terms of memory access?

    <p>Linked lists must keep track of next elements explicitly through pointers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about struct members is true?

    <p>The sizeof operator can be used on a struct variable.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary component of a linked list node that holds the data?

    <p>payload</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What value is assigned to the link of the last node in a linked list?

    <p>NULL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When adding a new node to the front of a linked list, what step follows creating the node?

    <p>Fill in the data for the new node.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the pointer implementation of a linked list, how do you access the next node from the current node?

    <p>temp_ptr-&gt;next</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes the structure of a linked list node in C?

    <p>It requires memory allocation for both data and link.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first step when adding a new node to the end of a simple linked list?

    <p>Traverse the list to find the last node</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When deleting the last node from a simple linked list, what is a crucial step to perform?

    <p>Set the Prev pointer's link to NULL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must the code handle when performing operations on a simple linked list?

    <p>Special cases such as an empty list or a single node</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a dummy node in a linked list signify?

    <p>It does not store data and is never deleted</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the process of finding a node containing a specific value, what is the primary goal?

    <p>Identify and access the node before performing insert or delete operations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the link of the last node in a linked list?

    <p>It points to NULL.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When adding a node to the front of a linked list, what is the final step?

    <p>Make the new node's link point to the previous first node.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the next node accessed while traversing a linked list using pointers?

    <p>Using the link from the current node.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a linked list implemented using structs, what is the primary purpose of the 'data' field in the node structure?

    <p>To hold the actual value to be stored in the node.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should happen to a pointer when traversing a linked list?

    <p>It must be updated to point to the next node each iteration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true about struct types and their members?

    <p>A struct can include a pointer to another struct of the same type.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why must the location of the next element in a linked list be explicit?

    <p>Because linked lists do not have contiguous memory addresses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which operation is NOT permitted when working with struct variables?

    <p>Comparing struct variables using relational operators.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which scenario illustrates the proper use of the sizeof operator with a struct?

    <p>Determining the size of a single struct variable.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic is essential for a linked list to function correctly?

    <p>Each node must contain a pointer to the next node.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    C Programming - Week 10

    • Course: CST8234
    • Topics covered: struct (more details), Self-referential Structures, simple Linked Lists, Quiz #3

    struct - More Details

    • Permitted Operations:

      • Initializing a struct variable in its definition.
      • Accessing struct members using the dot (.) or arrow (->) operators.
      • Assigning one struct variable to another (both variables must be the same struct type).
      • Copying addresses for pointers (only addresses are copied).
      • Getting the address of a struct variable.
      • Using the sizeof operator on a struct variable or type.

    • Operations not Permitted:

      • Using relational operators to compare entire struct variables in the same way that you compare primitive types.
      • Comparing members of the struct (comparing primitive data types within struct variables is permissible).
      • struct types cannot contain a struct variable of the same type.
      • Nesting different types in a struct requires careful consideration of declaration order.
      • A struct type that contains a pointer to the same struct type is called a self-referential structure.

    Intro to Linked Lists

    • Arrays store data contiguously in memory. Accessing elements is achieved using offsets from the base address.
    • Linked lists store data non-contiguously in memory. The location of each data element (node) is stored in a pointer, often called a "link." This link points to the location of the next data element in the list.
    • Linked list nodes are typically structures that contain the data and a pointer that points to the next node.
    • The first node in a linked list is often given its own pointer that is referenced in list operations

    Linked Lists - pointer implementation

    • Linked list nodes are implemented as C structures.
    • The link in the structure is a pointer to a structure of the same type
    • To access the next node, use the link, for example, temp_ptr->next
    • Pointers are used to move from one node to the next

    Linked Lists – example Simple LL

    • Adding to the front of a linked list:

      • Start with an empty (NULL) list.
      • Create a new node.
      • Populate the data in the new node.
      • Make the link of the new node point to the first node (which is null in an empty list.)
      • Make new node the first node

    • Adding to the end of a linked list:

      • Allocate a new node.
      • Populate the data in the new node.
      • Make its link NULL.
      • Traverse the list to find the last node. Set the link of the last node to point to the new node.

    • Deleting the last node of a linked list

      • Set pointers to the beginning of the list (e.g., Front, Cur, Prev).
      • Move both pointers to the next node one at a time until the last node is reached.
      • Set the link of the previous pointer to NULL.

    Linked Lists – continued

    • Other operations may include:
      • Finding a node with a specific data value.
      • Inserting or deleting nodes within the linked list.
      • Handling special cases, such as an empty list or a list containing only one node.
      • Performing operations on nodes at the beginning or end of the list

    Next Week

    • Variations of the simple linked list will be covered, including the use of a dummy node to simplify list operations. The dummy node is placed at the beginning of the linked list, does not store data, and is not deleted.
    • A programming challenge will be assigned to code a simple linked list with a dummy node.
    • The use of a dummy node will be discussed, showing the reasons behind its usage.

    Credits

    • George Kriger

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    CST8234 C Programming Week 10 PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers Week 10 of the C Programming course CST8234. Focus on struct variables, self-referential structures, and simple linked lists, including allowed operations and restrictions. Test your understanding of these essential C programming concepts.

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