C Programming Tokens and Character Set
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Questions and Answers

What is the role of a format specifier in output operations?

  • To convert data into a readable format (correct)
  • To represent escape sequences in output
  • To declare variable types in a program
  • To define the structure of the program

Which of the following best describes a compound statement in C programming?

  • A collection of variables defined together
  • A function declaration followed by its definition
  • A list of statements enclosed in braces (correct)
  • A single line of code that performs an action

What is the purpose of program comments in a C program?

  • To define program variables and their types
  • To serve as directives for code compilation
  • To improve program execution speed
  • To provide explanations that are ignored by the compiler (correct)

Which of the following is NOT considered a punctuator in C programming?

<p>-&gt; (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does an escape sequence consist of in programming?

<p>The backslash followed by a character (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of constant in C?

<p>String (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first character rule for constructing identifiers?

<p>Must be a letter or underscore (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes reserved words in C?

<p>They identify language entities (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many types of floating-point constants are supported in C?

<p>Three (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of token in C?

<p>Functions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using underscores or capital letters in identifiers?

<p>To separate words in multi-word identifiers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these statements about integer constants is incorrect?

<p>They may contain commas (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct way to delimit a character constant in C?

<p>Using single quotation marks (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the preprocessor in C programming?

<p>To process directives such as file inclusion and macro substitution. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes a programmer-defined header file?

<p>A header file created by the programmer to include their own code. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the #include preprocessor directive?

<p>To include external source files in the program. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which header file would you include for graphics functions in Turbo C?

<p>graphics.h (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the standard header file provide?

<p>Function prototypes for system-defined features. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a Turbo C program, where does the execution of the program typically begin?

<p>In the main body of the program. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which file contains declarations needed for DOS and 8086 specific calls?

<p>dos.h (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does the header file conio.h serve in Turbo C?

<p>It handles console Input/Output operations. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Character Set

The basic building blocks of C programs; composed of 92 characters including digits, letters, spaces, and special characters (besides $, @, and ).

Tokens

Language elements used to form higher-level constructs in C programs.

Reserved Words

Keywords in C that represent language entities like statements, data types, and attributes.

Identifiers

Names given to variables, functions, and other program elements in C.

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Identifier Rules

Identifiers in C must start with a letter or underscore, can contain letters, digits, and underscores, and are case-sensitive. They cannot be reserved words.

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Constants

Fixed values used in C code.

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Integer Constants

Whole numbers in C programs. Can be decimal, octal, or hexadecimal.

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Floating-point Constants

Decimal numbers with integer, decimal, and fractional parts used in C.

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Character Constants

Single characters enclosed in single quotes in C code.

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Escape Sequences

Special character combinations used in character constants.

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Escape Sequence

A backslash followed by a character used to represent special characters or actions in a string literal.

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String Literals

A sequence of characters enclosed in double quotes.

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Format Control String

A string used to format output, controlling how data is displayed.

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Format Specifier

A special code within a string that tells the computer how to display data.

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Punctuators

Symbols like []{}(),; used to structure C code and separate elements.

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Operators

Symbols that perform actions or computations on variables or expressions.

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Statement

A single instruction in a C program that tells the computer what to do.

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Compound Statement

A group of statements enclosed by curly braces { ... }.

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Expression

A combination of operators and operands that evaluates to a value.

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Expression Statement

An expression followed by a semicolon.

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Program Comments

Explanations in a program for better understanding, ignored by the compiler.

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Preprocessor Directives

Lines starting with # that are not C statements but instructions for the compiler.

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#include directive

An instruction to the preprocessor to include another source file within a C program.

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Header file

A file containing C code, often prototypes for functions, constants, or data structures, that are included in another source file.

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Standard header file

A header file provided by the compiler that contains information for standard functions.

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Programmer-defined header file

A header file created by the programmer containing custom functions, etc. for their specific program.

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conio.h

Header for console input/output functions related to the DOS console.

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dos.h

Header file for DOS and 8086-specific calls and constants.

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float.h

Header file containing parameters for floating-point routines.

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graphics.h

Header for graphics functions.

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math.h

Header file for math functions.

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mem.h

Header file for memory manipulation functions.

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process.h

Header containing structures for running processes.

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stdio.h

Header file for standard input/output operations.

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stdlib.h

Header file for general utility functions, including conversions, searches, sorts and more.

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string.h

Header file for string manipulation functions.

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Main Body

The part of a program where execution begins and branches to subroutines.

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Study Notes

Language Character Set and Tokens

  • C programs use characters as their basic building block
  • 92 characters are available, including numeric digits, letters (uppercase and lowercase), space, and other printable special characters
  • $ and @ are excluded
  • Tokens are language elements used to form higher-level constructs
  • Six kinds of tokens: Reserved words, Identifiers, Constants, String literals, Punctuators, Operators

Six Kinds of Tokens

  • Reserved words: Keywords identifying language entities (statements, data types, language elements)
  • Identifiers: Consist of letters (A-Z, a-z), digits (0-9), and underscores; must start with a letter or underscore; no embedded blanks; case-sensitive; cannot be reserved words
  • Constants: Entities appearing in code as fixed values
    • Four types of constants exist
  • String literals: Sequences of characters surrounded by double quotes
  • Punctuators: Delimit syntactical units (e.g., brackets, parentheses, braces)
  • Operators: Symbols used in computations or actions on variables

Identifiers

  • Constructed from capital letters (A-Z), lowercase letters (a-z), digits (0-9), and underscores
  • First character must be a letter or an underscore
  • No length limitation
  • No embedded blanks allowed
  • Reserved words are not valid identifiers
  • Case sensitive

Constants

  • Appear in code as fixed values
  • Four types of constants are implied

Integer Constants

  • Positive or negative whole numbers (no fractional part)
  • Can be decimal, octal, or hexadecimal
  • Commas are not allowed

Floating-point Constants

  • Positive or negative decimal numbers with integer part, decimal point, and fractional part
  • Three types: float, double, long double

Character Constants

  • Enclosed in single quotes
  • Backslashes are escape characters

String Literals

  • Sequences of characters in double quotes
  • Format control strings

Punctuators

  • Symbols used to delimit syntactical units
  • Examples include brackets, parentheses, braces, commas, semicolons, colons

Operators

  • Tokens that produce computations or actions on variables

Statements

  • Specifications for actions within a program

Compound statements

  • Lists of statements enclosed in braces

Expression statements

  • Syntactically correct expressions followed by a semicolon

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Description

Explore the foundational elements of C programming through this quiz on character sets and tokens. Understand the six kinds of tokens including reserved words, identifiers, constants, string literals, punctuators, and operators. Test your knowledge and reinforce your comprehension of these essential concepts.

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