C Programming Lesson 4: Conditional Statements
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of conditional statements in C programming?

To control the flow of execution based on certain conditions.

Describe the basic structure of an if statement in C.

The structure is if (test expression) { // statements }.

What does an if...else statement do in C?

It executes one block of code if the condition is true and another block if the condition is false.

How does an if...else ladder work?

<p>It allows checking multiple conditions sequentially and executing different blocks of code based on which condition is true.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the syntax for an if...else ladder?

<p>The syntax is <code>if (test expression1) { // statements } else if (test expression2) { // statements } ... else { // statements }</code>.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain how a nested if...else statement differs from a standard if...else.

<p>A nested if...else statement contains another if...else statement within its execution block, allowing for multiple layers of conditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What condition would you use in a C program to check if a number is negative?

<p>You would use <code>if (number &lt; 0) { // statements }</code>.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In C programming, how can you determine if an integer is odd or even?

<p>You can use the condition <code>if (number % 2 == 0) { // even } else { // odd }</code>.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Conditional Programming Element - Lesson 4

  • Objectives:
    • Understand conditional statements in C programming
    • Differentiate different conditional statements in C

Conditional Programming in C

  • C program statements are executed sequentially if no conditions are present
  • Including conditions changes the flow of execution based on the results (decision-making)
  • Decision-making statements are also known as control statements

if Statement

  • The syntax of an if statement in C programming is:
if (test expression)
{
/* statements to be executed if the test expression is true */
}
  • The if statement evaluates the expression within the parentheses.
  • If the expression is true, the statements inside the if block are executed.
  • Otherwise, if the expression is false, the statements inside the if block are skipped.

How if Statement Works

  • The if statement evaluates the expression inside the parentheses.
  • If the expression evaluates to true, the statements within the if block are executed.
  • If the expression evaluates to false, the statements within the if block are skipped, and execution continues with the code following the if block.

if...else Statement

  • The if statement may optionally have an else block.
  • The syntax of an if...else statement is:
if (test expression) {
/* statements to be executed if the test expression is true */
}
else {
/* statements to be executed if the test expression is false */
}
  • If the test expression evaluates to true, the code within the if block is executed.
  • Otherwise, if the expression is false, the code within the else block is executed.

if...else Ladder

  • The if...else ladder allows checking multiple conditions.
  • It helps you select different actions based on different conditions.
  • The syntax is as follows:
if (test expression1) {
// statements if expression1 is true
}
else if (test expression2) {
// statements if expression2 is true
}
else if (test expression3) {
  // statements if expression3 is true
}
else {
// statements if none of the above are true
}
  • The code checks each expression one by one.
  • When a true condition is found, the corresponding block is executed.
  • If none of the conditions is true, the statements in the else block are executed.

Nested if...else

  • It is possible to include an if...else statement inside another if...else statement.
  • This is called nested if...else and enables more complex conditionals.

Switch Statement

  • A switch statement allows executing one code block out of many possible alternatives.
  • The syntax is more readable and concise than an if...else ladder for multiple choices.
  • The syntax is as follows:
switch (expression) {
case constant1:
// statements
break;
case constant2:
// statements
break;
default:
// statements
}
  • expression is evaluated to determine which case to execute.
  • The break statement is essential; without it, the code will "fall through" to the next cases.

Example Program - Calculator

  • The provided code implements a simple calculator that performs arithmetic operations (+, -, *, /) based on the user's input.

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Conditional Programming Element - Lesson 4 PDF

Description

Delve into Lesson 4 of C Programming, focusing on conditional statements, specifically the 'if' statement. Learn how conditional expressions affect program flow and decision-making in your code. This quiz will help you grasp the fundamental concepts and syntax required for implementing conditions in C.

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