C Programming Lecture 2

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Questions and Answers

What should students bring to the first-in-class quiz?

Calculator

Stationery

Textbook

Laptop (correct)

Which of the following is NOT classified as application software?

Presentation

Linux (correct)

Word Document

Excel

What does the function 'printf' do in the Hello World program?

Compiles the program

Prints text to the console (correct)

Declares a variable

Returns a value

Which of the following best describes an algorithm?

A step-by-step list of instructions to solve a problem Signup and view all the answers

In the context of computer components, which of the following is considered hardware?

CPU Signup and view all the answers

Which combination of software below includes an operating system?

Windows and Linux Signup and view all the answers

Which phrase best describes the C programming language?

A high-level language designed for system programming Signup and view all the answers

What component of the computer would the keyboard and mouse be classified under?

Input Devices Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of application software?

MS Word Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a commonly used measure for memory size in a computer system?

RPM Signup and view all the answers

What is equivalent to 1MB?

1024KB Signup and view all the answers

What is the file extension for a C programming file?

..c Signup and view all the answers

What does the symbol ‘// ’ denote in C programming?

Comment line Signup and view all the answers

When creating a new project in Visual Studio 2022, which template should be selected for a C++ project?

Empty Project Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following options describes a life cycle of a C program?

Compilation and Execution Signup and view all the answers

What function is commonly used to print output in C programming?

printf() Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of comments in C source code?

To clarify the code for better understanding Signup and view all the answers

Which symbol is used for single-line comments in C?

// Signup and view all the answers

What does the escape sequence do in a printf statement?

Inserts a new line Signup and view all the answers

Which function is used to read data into a variable in C?

scanf() Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct syntax for a printf statement that includes a string literal?

printf(“Hello World!”); Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true about a C program?

Every program must have a main() function Signup and view all the answers

How many printf statements are required to print 'One', 'Two', 'Three' on separate lines using separate printf calls?

3 Signup and view all the answers

In the function printf(), what does the format specifier '%d' represent?

Integer data Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the preprocessor in a C program?

It goes through the C program before compilation to handle directives. Signup and view all the answers

Which file extension is used for C source code files?

.c Signup and view all the answers

What indicates a comment in C code?

// Signup and view all the answers

What should be included in a C program to use standard library functions?

The header file of the library. Signup and view all the answers

Which component is responsible for converting the source code into an executable file?

Compiler Signup and view all the answers

What does the linker do in the life cycle of a C program?

It combines object files and libraries into a single executable file. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common standard library in C?

stdio.h Signup and view all the answers

Which line of code is necessary at the beginning of a C program that uses printf?

#include stdio.h Signup and view all the answers

What year was the C programming language developed?

1978 Signup and view all the answers

For what primary purpose was C originally developed?

To write the UNIX Operating System Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding the C programming language?

C is a small and efficient language. Signup and view all the answers

What best describes the term 'algorithm' in programming?

A step-by-step procedure for solving a problem. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is TRUE about C's relationship with other programming languages?

C is the father of many later languages like C++ and Java. Signup and view all the answers

What is required to write a computer program?

Writing a step-by-step procedure. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of system software?

To allow applications to interface with the hardware Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following elements is NOT a component associated with C programming?

Web servers Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'program' not include from the examples given in programming context?

An operating system specification Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following would be classified as application software?

Word Processor Signup and view all the answers

Which type of software is primarily responsible for managing computer resources?

System Software Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is NOT a function of system software?

Performing complex calculations Signup and view all the answers

In which layer of a computer system does application software reside?

Software layer Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes device drivers?

They coordinate hardware components. Signup and view all the answers

What are utilities in system software primarily used for?

Performing specific maintenance tasks Signup and view all the answers

What type of application software is designed for specialized tasks?

Specialized Applications Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes an algorithm?

A collection of unambiguous, computable operations that produce a result. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the Central Processing Unit (CPU) in a computer?

To process all information in the computer. Signup and view all the answers

Which component of a modern computer is considered hardware?

Random Access Memory (RAM). Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes RAM in a computer system?

It is volatile, meaning information is lost when power is off. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement correctly describes the Antikythera mechanism?

It is considered the oldest known computer. Signup and view all the answers

What role do users play in a computer system?

They create and operate software applications. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about Babbage's Difference Engine is accurate?

It computes values of polynomials. Signup and view all the answers

What is the defining feature of the hardware component of a computer?

It refers to the physical parts of the system. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between RAM and secondary storage?

RAM is faster and more expensive than secondary storage. Signup and view all the answers

How is a byte defined in terms of bits?

8 bits make 1 byte. Signup and view all the answers

What is the range of values that can be represented by a single byte?

0 to 255 in a decimal system. Signup and view all the answers

How is the binary number (10011)2 evaluated into decimal?

(1 * 2^4) + (0 * 2^3) + (0 * 2^2) + (1 * 2^1) + (1 * 2^0) = 19 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true about bits?

A bit is the smallest unit of data in a computer. Signup and view all the answers

What must happen before the CPU can utilize data and instructions stored in secondary storage?

Data and instructions must be transferred to RAM. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of software in relation to computer data?

To instruct the computer on how to process data. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements correctly describes secondary storage?

Secondary storage is slower, persistent, and relatively cheap. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Lecture 2: First Look at C Programming

Lecture 2, titled "First Look at C Programming," was presented on August 26, 2024, by Tawfiq Salem.
The presentation is not permitted to be duplicated or transmitted without the express permission of the author.
Students are expected to complete Inlab01 this week.
Attend assigned lab times and locations.
The next lecture will include a first-in-class quiz.
Students must bring their laptops and ensure their VLab accounts are properly configured.

Previous Lecture

Previous topics included C history.
Computer structure was covered.
High-level and low-level programming language discussions.
Hello World program examples in C were provided.

Previous Lecture: Computer Components

The Computer System has two major sections: Software and Hardware.
Software includes Operating systems like Linux, Windows, Mac, Android, and iOS.
Software also includes Application Software like MS Word, Excel, and Presentation.
Hardware components include the Processor (CPU), Input Devices (Keyboard, Mouse), Output Devices and Storage Devices (Primary and Secondary).

Review Questions

Algorithm Definition (Review Question): An algorithm is a step-by-step list of instructions that, if followed, solve a problem.
Application Software Example (Review Question): Examples of application software are the Facebook app for Android and MS Word.
Memory Size Measurement (Review Question): The commonly used measure for memory size in a computer system is GB.
Megabyte Equivalent (Review Question): 1 MB is equivalent to 1024 KB.
C Programming File Extension (Review Question): The extension for a C programming file is .c.
Comment Marker in C Programming (Review Question): In C programming, "//" signifies a comment line.

Today's Objectives

The objectives for this lecture pertain to the life cycle of a C program, comments, the printf function, and the scanf function.

Creating a New Project on Visual Studio 2022

Open Visual Studio 2022.
Click "Create a new project."
Choose C++ as the programming language.
Select "Empty Project" from the available templates.
Enter a name for the project.
Specify the project location.
Click "Create" to initialize the new project.

A Simple C Program (Example)

A simple C program using the printf statement to display a message ("Hello World!") will be demonstrated.

Life Cycle of a C Program

The life cycle of a C program involves transforming source code (e.g., example.c) into an executable file (e.g., example.exe) using the preprocessor, compiler and linker, and referencing include files like stdio.h.

Source Code

Source code is the computer program written by a programmer.
It is saved in a file.
The extension for a C source file is .c.
An example of a Hello World source code was shown.

Preprocessor

The preprocessor is software that prepares C code before compilation.
It identifies and processes lines beginning with #.
Included header files like stdio.h are processed.

Standard Library

The C compiler comes with standard libraries containing functions.
Each library has header files ending with .h.
stdio.h and math.h are examples.
Including a header file enables using the functions within that library.

Comments in C

Comments in C code are used for clarity and debugging; they aren't compiled.
Comments can appear using /* comment */ or // comment syntax.

Keywords (Reserved Words)

These are reserved words with special meanings in C programming. Examples include return, main, include, and int.

printf() Function

This function in the stdio library sends output to the console/monitor.
Syntax includes printf("Output string").

Strings (String Literals)

Strings are enclosed in double quotes. Example: "Hello world".
Several examples of string constants have been showcased.

Escape Sequences

Escape sequences, enclosed in \ characters, inside print statements, modify formatting.
"\n" starts a new line. "\t" inserts a tab in between text. "\" displays the \ character.

Exercise 1: Simple Print Statements

Instructions on how to print multiple lines using the printf function.
Exercise includes printing "one," "Two", and "Three" in separate lines using a single print statement.

Exercise 2: Star Pattern

Write a program to print a star pattern using a single printf statement.

Few Things about C Programs

A C program must have a function named main().
Program execution starts with main().
Every C statement ends with a semicolon.
C code within functions is enclosed in curly brackets.
C is case-sensitive.
C is not an object-oriented programming language.

scanf() Function

The scanf function reads input data from the user.
It requires the address of the variable using an ampersand (&).
Example usage was provided.
To avoid issues in using scanf, add the line #define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS to the top of the program.

Next Lecture

The following lecture will cover variables and data types.
Further discussion on the scanf function will be discussed and explained in more detail.

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Description

This quiz covers key concepts from Lecture 2, 'First Look at C Programming,' focusing on the basics of C programming and its history. Prepare yourself for upcoming assessments by reviewing essential principles discussed in class and completing Inlab01 assignments.