C Programming Language Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Who created the C programming language?

  • J. Presper Eckert
  • Ken Thompson
  • Martin Richard
  • Dennis Ritchie (correct)

    • The C programming language was developed before the B programming language.

    False

    What are two research interests of Dr. Frank Guan?

    Virtual Reality and Artificial Intelligence

    C was created by _______ at Bell Lab.

    <p>Dennis Ritchie</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the programming languages with their main features:

    <p>C = Low-level programming Python = High-level programming Java = Object-oriented programming Assembly = Machine-level instructions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the suggested formats for questions during the lecture?

    <p>Voice up</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The lecture is conducted in person.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which book is recommended for learning C programming?

    <p>C: How to Program by Paul Deitel and Harvey Deitel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which year was the C99 standard introduced?

    <p>1999</p> Signup and view all the answers

    C programming language supports garbage collection.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the names of the lead developers of UNIX?

    <p>Dennis Ritchie and Ken Thompson</p> Signup and view all the answers

    C is a ______-level language, which typically results in faster code execution.

    <p>low</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following languages were influenced by C?

    <p>Java</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match each programming feature with the appropriate language:

    <p>C = Requires variable declarations Python = Uses whitespace to identify statements C++ = Supports object-oriented programming Java = Garbage collection enabled</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Python, variable declarations are mandatory.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a compiler do in the context of C programming?

    <p>Converts source code into machine code.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What symbol is used to terminate statements in C?

    <p>;</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The main() function is an optional part of a C program.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using braces {} in C?

    <p>To delimit blocks of code.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In C programming, all code must be placed within __________.

    <p>functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following programming constructs with their language:

    <p>gcd function = C def keyword = Python printf function = C return statement = Both</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Introduction to C Programming

    • Welcome to the course
    • Instructor: A/Prof Frank Guan, PhD
    • Course name: INF1002 – Programming Fundamentals
    • Week 8: Introduction to C
    • Course themes: Thinking, Able to Learn, Catalysts, and Grounded, as a community, transformative learning
    • Research Interests: Virtual Reality (VR), Augmented Reality (AR), Artificial Intelligence (AI), Entrepreneurship & innovation
    • Contact Email: [email protected]

    Course Housekeeping

    • Lectures are online (Zoom)
    • Recordings are available
    • Focus on the lecture and limit distractions
    • Ask questions: voice up or type in the window
    • Respectful and honest conduct within the community

    Agenda for Week 8

    • History of C
    • From Python to C
    • Simple C program
    • Basic data types
    • C formatted I/O
    • Control structures
    • Paul Deitel and Harvey Deitel, C: How to Program, 9th Edition (Pearson, 2021)

    History of C

    • J. Presper Eckert and John Mauchly (1943–1946): Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer
    • Martin Richard (1966–1967): Basic Combined Programming Language
    • Ken Thompson (1969, Bell Lab): Developed B, based on BCPL
    • Dennis Ritchie (1972–1973, Bell Lab): Created C, rewriting UNIX in C (1973)
    • 1970s: Traditional C
    • 1989: C89/ANSI C/Standard C
    • 1990: ANSI/ISO C
    • 1999: C99: attempt to standardize variations
    • More recent derivatives: C++, Objective C, C#
    • Influenced by: Java, Perl, Python (quite different)
    • C lacks: Exceptions, Range-checking, Garbage collection, Object-oriented programming
    • Low-level languages, usually faster code

    Compilers vs. Interpreters

    • Python uses an interpreter to execute a program
    • In C, the compiler converts a program into machine code
    • Machine code can be executed directly by the CPU

    Variable Declarations

    • C requires variable declarations, informing the compiler about the variable before it's used, specifying type.
    • Once declared, a variable's type cannot be changed.
    • In Python, no declarations are needed.

    Whitespace

    • Python uses whitespace characters for identifying statements and code blocks
    • C uses whitespace only to separate words.

    Functions

    • All C code is within functions
    • The main() function is the starting point for a C program

    Good Coding Practices in C

    • Indent blocks of code as in Python.
    • Format braces and whitespace consistently
    • Use comments to explain code for other programmers.
    • Use meaningful variable names.
    • Pay attention to compiler warnings (indicate syntax correct but potential run-time errors).
    • Avoid system-specific features (the code should run on diverse systems without modification).

    Simple C Program

    • /* ... */ indicates comments (ignored by the compiler)
    • #include <stdio.h> includes the standard input/output library
    • int main() { ... } defines the main program function
    • printf("Hello world!\n"); displays output on the screen
    • return 0; signifies successful execution.

    C Preprocessor

    • Executes before compilation
    • Defines symbolic constants
    • Includes other files

    #define directive

    • Creates symbolic constants in C
    • Replaces occurrences during compilation.

    #include directive

    • Includes header files into the program for necessary functions (such as stdio.h for standard input/output)
    • Normal usage includes angle brackets <> (standard libraries) or double quotes "" (user-defined files) for specifying location
    • Two forms of #include specify standard or user-defined file location.

    Header files

    • Contain function prototypes (declarations without body):
    • Definitions of constants.
    • Definitions of various data types.

    Variable Declarations in C

    • Must specify type before use (int, float, char).
    • Variables cannot change type once declared.
    • Variables are named integer1, integer2, sum

    scanf() Function in C

    • Reads formatted input from the standard input (usually the keyboard)

    Formatted Input/Output

    • printf() formats and displays output to the console
      • Uses format specifiers (e.g., %d, %f, %s) to define the output format.
    • scanf() reads input from the console
      • Uses format specifiers for input.
    • puts() prints a string and prepends a newline at the end.
    • getchar() reads and returns a character from the console as an integer

    Escape Sequences

    • Used to represent special characters in strings
    • Examples include \n (newline), \t (tab), and \" (double quote)

    C Control Structures

    • if/else for decision-making
    • switch for multiple-case decisions
    • for and while loops for iteration
    • do-while loop

    Arrays

    • An array is a collection of elements of the same type, stored contiguously in memory.
    • Character arrays are used to represent strings.
    • Arrays can be declared/initialised, and array elements can be identified using indices, starting with zero.

    Structure

    • A structure in C is a collection of variables of different types, grouped together under one name.
    • Structures can be passed to functions in C

    Dynamic Memory Allocation

    • Allocates memory at runtime
    • Allocates memory for variables that are not known in advance, using malloc() and calloc() .
    • malloc(): Allocates a block of memory in heap.
    • calloc(): Allocates a block of memory and sets all bytes to zero.

    Void Pointers

    • Can point to any data type
    • Should be cast before dereferencing

    Pointers

    • Variables that stores memory addresses
    • Declaration via int *ptr

    Strings

    • Array of characters ending in \0

    C File Handling

    • fopen(): Opens a file.

    fprintf()

    • Writes formatted data to a file.

    fscanf()

    • Reads formatted data from a file.

    fclose()

    • Closes a file.

    File Types

    • Binary or text

    Random Access Files

    • Can access any file position.
    • Records are of the same length.

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    Programming Fundamentals - Week 8 - PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge about the C programming language with this comprehensive quiz. Explore its history, features, and key concepts, including important developers and standards. Whether you are a beginner or have some experience, this quiz will challenge your understanding of C.

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