C# Programming Fundamentals

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of the Garbage Collector in C#?

To enforce type checking at compile time
To enhance asynchronous execution through task-based modeling
To optimize memory consumption by identifying and removing unused objects (correct)
To implement Code Access Security (CAS) within an application

Which of the following is a characteristic of C#'s strong type system?

It allows for flexible type casting at runtime
It supports only primitive types
It enforces type checking at compile time (correct)
It ignores type-related errors during execution

What is the purpose of the 'async' and 'await' keywords in C#?

To enhance type-based operations through pattern matching
To implement Code Access Security (CAS) within an application
To facilitate efficient asynchronous execution with reduced thread-related overhead (correct)
To enable multithreading for improved performance

What is the significance of C# 7.0 onward introducing 'pattern matching'?

It enhances type-based operations and handling of types (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of Code Access Security (CAS) in C#?

To define and enforce permissions for varying levels of privilege within an application (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Main method in a C# program?

To serve as the entry point for program execution (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the data type that represents a single Unicode character in C#?

char (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of Namespaces in a C# program?

To group related classes and types together (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the == operator in C#?

To compare the references of two objects in memory (D) Signup and view all the answers

How does the == operator behave for value types in C#?

It compares the actual values of the two objects (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the var keyword in C#?

To reduce redundancy in code (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the key difference between const and readonly fields in C#?

Const fields can be assigned a value at declaration, while readonly fields can be assigned a value in the constructor (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the checked and unchecked keywords in C#?

To enable or disable overflow checking for arithmetic operations (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism for handling errors in C#?

All of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the Garbage Collector (GC) in .NET?

To automate memory management (D) Signup and view all the answers

When should exceptions be used in C#?

For unexpected errors and exceptions (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Cards.dll file in the Solitaire game?

To provide visual resources and support specific functionalities for the game (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between float and double in C#?

double is used for precision financial and monetary calculations (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the '?' operator in C# nullable types?

To perform a null-conditional operation (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a namespace in C#?

To organize code and prevent naming conflicts (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between boxing and unboxing in C#?

Boxing converts a value type to a reference type, and unboxing converts a reference type to a value type (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the 'as' operator in C#?

To optimize type casting by returning null if the conversion is not possible (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the 'is' operator in C#?

To test whether an object is compatible with a specific type (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using directives in C#?

To avoid long, repetitive code (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of type casting in C#?

To convert data types explicitly or implicitly (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of operators in C#?

To perform bit-level operations (A) Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

C# Overview

C# is an object-oriented, multi-paradigm programming language developed by Microsoft as part of its .NET initiative.
Widely used for developing applications targeting the Windows ecosystem.
Uses Garbage Collector (GC) for automatic memory management, optimizing memory consumption.

Key Features

Strong type system that enforces type checking at compile time, reducing data-related errors.
Pattern matching introduced in C# 7.0 for efficient type-based operations.
Task-based model for asynchronous execution using async and await keywords, mitigating thread-related overhead.

Security

Historically used Code Access Security (CAS) for defining and enforcing permissions within an application.
CAS has been phased out in newer .NET versions, but C# remains renowned for its robust security features.

Basic Structure

C# program consists of Namespaces, Classes, Methods, Variables, Keywords for types, Statements, Directives, and the Main method.

Data Types

Various data types, including:
- Boolean (true/false)
- Char (single Unicode character)
- Numeric types (byte, short, int, long, float, double)
- Object type (base type for all other types)
- String type (for text storage)
- Struct, enum, Nullable, tuple, valueTuple, and others

Value Types and Reference Types

Value Types: store values directly in memory
Reference Types: store references to memory locations

Namespaces

Organize code, prevent naming conflicts, and allow for better code management
Can be nested for further organization
Members can be made more or less accessible using access modifiers

Type Casting

Boxing: converting value type to reference type
Unboxing: converting reference type to value type
Explicit casting: manual conversion with potential data loss
Implicit casting: automatic conversion by C# compiler

Operators

Symbols or keywords for specific program actions (arithmetic, logical, assignment)
== operator: compare two objects for reference equality
.Equals() method: compare actual values of two objects

var Keyword

Introduced in C# 3.0 for reducing redundancy
Use with caution to prevent type confusion

Immutable Fields

const: initialized at declaration and unalterable
readonly: assigned value at constructor or declaration and unalterable

Error Handling

Traditional exception handling and contemporary asynchronous error management strategies
checked and unchecked keywords: ensure predictable behavior for arithmetic operations

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