C Programming Fundamentals

int = decimal numbers, e.g., 3.14, -0.5 float = whole numbers, e.g., 1, 2, 3 char = single characters, e.g., 'a', 'B' double = large decimal numbers, e.g., 3.14159

if = execute code if condition is true, else execute alternative code switch = execute code if condition is true if-else = execute code based on multiple conditions loop = execute code repeatedly based on a condition

const = optimizer hint, pointer is the only access to the variable volatile = constant value, cannot be changed restrict = value can be changed externally, e.g., by hardware static = variable is shared among multiple instances

<p>array = collection of values of different types struct = collection of values of the same type enum = collection of values of different types union = collection of values of the same type</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>void = return type of a function that returns no value int = return type of a function that returns a whole number float = return type of a function that returns a decimal number char = return type of a function that returns a single character</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>while (condition) { code } = execute code at least once, then repeat while condition is true for (init; condition; increment) { code } = execute code while condition is true do { code } while (condition) = execute code with initialization, condition, and increment if (condition) { code } = exit the current loop or switch statement</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Library Functions = custom functions defined by the programmer User-Defined Functions = built-in functions, e.g., printf, scanf void function-name (parameter-list) = declare a function with a return type and parameters function-name (argument-list) = call a function with arguments</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>&amp; = dereference operator, returns the value at the memory address</p> <ul> <li>= address-of operator, returns the memory address of a variable pointer = &amp;variable = assign a value to the variable pointed to by the pointer *pointer = value = assign the address of a variable to a pointer</li> </ul> Signup and view all the answers

<p>break = exit the current function and return a value continue = exit the current loop or switch statement return = skip to the next iteration of the loop goto = jump to a labeled statement</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pass by Value = pass a pointer to the argument to the function Pass by Reference = pass a copy of the argument to the function type* pointer-name = declare a function with a return type and parameters function-name (argument-list) = call a function with arguments</p> Signup and view all the answers