C Programming Concepts Quiz

Introduction to Computing & Programming with C

• UNIVAC is the Universal Automatic Computer.
• The Central Processing Unit (CPU) is the brain of any computer system.
• Primary and Secondary memory are the two kinds of main memory.
• A computer is free from tiresome and boardroom work, which is called diligence.
• Chief components of first-generation computers were vacuum tubes and valves.
• Hardware components in a computer include the CPU, motherboard, keyboard, mouse, and speaker.
• Computer memory is categorized into primary and secondary types.
• A network of networks is what the internet is.
• Programming languages include C, C++, Java, and Python.
• Key characteristics of a computer are speed, accuracy, diligence, reliability, memory, logic, and versatility.
• Operating systems include Windows, Unix, and Linux.
• Key components of a digital computer are input/output equipment, main memory, control unit, and arithmetic-logic unit.

Function of Operating System

• An operating system manages files, memory, processes, and input/output, as well as peripheral devices like disks and printers.
• Memory units include bits, nibbles, bytes, kilobytes, megabytes, gigabytes, terabytes, and petabytes.
• Optical Character Recognition (OCR) and Magnetic Ink Character Recognition (MICR) are types of character recognition.

Components of CPU

• A CPU has three main components: Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU), Control Unit (CU) and memory unit.
• E-mail relies on electronic devices to deliver messages across computer networks.
• Software types include application software, system software, driver software, middleware, and programming software.

Pseudocode and Flowcharts

• Pseudocode describes the steps in an algorithm using programming language conventions.
• Flowcharts are diagrams that represent workflows or processes using symbols for actions, steps, and decision points.

Tokens in C

• Keywords, identifiers, constants, operators, punctuation marks are types of tokens in C.

If, If-Else, Nested If-Else and Cascaded If-Else Statements

• If statement checks a condition; if it's true, the code executes.
• If-else statement offers two options.
• Nested if-else chains more complex conditions within an if or else.
• Cascase if-else multiple conditions checked sequentially.

Loops in C

• For loop, while loop and do-while loop are types of loops in C.

Key Features of C

• C is known for its efficiency, portability, a rich library, structured nature, and flexibility with pointers.

Difference between Structures and Unions

• Structures allocate memory for all members, and all members can be accessed simultaneously.
• Unions allocate memory only for the largest member. Only one member can be accessed at a time.
• Structures are better for storing data of different types together, while unions are useful for storing different data types in the same memory space where only one can be utilized.

Flowcharts

• Flowcharts use symbols such as ovals, rectangles, and diamonds to represent processes.

Algorithms for Area and Perimeter of Circle

• Input radius;
• Calculate area using πr²;
• Calculate perimeter using 2πr;
• Output calculated area and perimeter.

Function Calls, Definitions, and Prototypes

• Function prototypes declare functions before use.
• Function definitions implement the function's body.
• Function calls invoke the function in a program.

Input Devices

• Keyboards and mouse are input devices for inputting data into a computer system.

Variables

• Variables are named storage locations in memory.
• Variable names must start with a letter or underscore and can contain letters, digits, and underscores, and be case sensitive.

Data Types in C

• Basic data types in C include int, float, double, and char for storing integers, floating-point numbers, double-precision floating-point numbers, and character data, respectively.

Storage Classes in C

• Variables can have different scopes and lifetimes, including external, static, automatic, and register variables. The scope and lifetime defines when and how long the variable exists.

Array Declaration and Initialization

• One-dimensional arrays store data in a single row.
• Two-dimensional arrays store data in rows and columns (like tables)

Pointers

• Pointers store memory addresses.
• Pointer functions return pointer values; pointer arguments receive addresses not values.

String Manipulation Functions

• String functions like strlen(), strcpy(), strcat(), and strcmp() are used for tasks like measuring string length, copying, concatenation, and comparison.

General Structure of C Programs

• Preprocessor directives—lines that start with #, often #include, are processed before compilation.
• Main function—a special function that is the entry point of execution.
• Variable declarations—statements that declare variables.
• Executable statements—statements that perform actions.
• Return statement—a statement that returns a value at the end of a function.

Array Sorting

• Bubble sort is an algorithm for sorting an array of elements in ascending order.

Difference Between Recursion and Iteration

• Recursion is when a function calls itself to solve a smaller instance of a problem.
• Iteration is when a loop repeatedly executes a block of code until a condition is met.

Palindromes

• A palindrome is a number or string that reads the same forward and backward (e.g., 121, madam). A C program can be designed to check if a given number or string is a palindrome, using either loop or recursion.

Logic Gates

• Logic gates are the fundamental building blocks of digital circuits. Common types include AND, OR, and NOT gates.

Number Systems

• Number systems including Binary, Decimal, Octal, and Hexadecimal use different symbols or representations for numbers, and are used to represent data efficiently in computers.

Computer Generations

• Computer generations from vacuum tubes, to transistors, integrated circuits, and microprocessors highlight the advancements in technology. The final stages highlight quantum computing and artificial intelligence.

Von Neumann Architecture

• A computer architecture where program instructions (code) and data are stored in the same memory. The design includes components like the Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU), Control Unit, input/output equipment, and memory.

Primary and Secondary Memories

• Primary memory stores data that is actively used in the computer. It is volatile, meaning the information it stores is lost if the power is turned off.
• Secondary memory stores data permanently, and isn't lost when the power is off.

Operating Systems

• Operating systems manage computer hardware and software resources.
• Key functions include process management, memory management, file management, device management, security, and user interfaces.

Types of Software

• Types of software include system software such as operating systems and utilities, application software such as word processors, database software, and development software. Middleware, firmware and freeware are also types of software.

Pascal's Triangle

• Pascal's Triangle is a number triangle. A C program could be written to generate and plot it.

Pyramid Patterns

• A C program is capable of generating pyramid shapes based on user input.

Switch Cases

• The switch statement in C allows a program to choose between branches based on different values.

Test your knowledge of fundamental C programming concepts with this quiz. Questions cover syntax, data types, functions, memory access, and more. Perfect for beginners and those looking to refresh their understanding of C.