C Programming Basics

C Programming Basics

• Tokens are the smallest individual units in a program that are meaningful to the compiler.
• Tokens can be identifiers, keywords, constants, strings, or symbols like operators and punctuation.

Keywords

• Keywords are reserved words that have predefined meanings and cannot be used for other purposes.
• Examples of keywords in C include 'int', 'char', 'if', 'else', 'for', 'while', and 'return'.

printf() Function

• The printf() function is used to print formatted output to the standard output (usually the console).
• It takes a format string followed by optional arguments, formats them according to the format string, and then prints the resulting string.

scanf() Function

• The scanf() function is used for reading formatted input from the standard input (usually the keyboard) and storing the data into variables.
• It works similarly to printf(), but in reverse, reading formatted data from the user and assigning it to variables.

clrscr() and getch() Functions

• clrscr() is used to clear the screen, removing any previously printed output, making the screen blank.
• getch() is used to get a character input from the user without echoing it to the screen.

Variables and Data Types

• Variables are used to store data values.
• Each variable in C has a specific data type, which determines the size and layout of the variable's memory, as well as the range of values it can store.
• There are several data types in C, including:
  • Integers (int, short, long, long long)
  • Floating-point numbers (float, double, long double)
  • Characters (char)
  • Arrays (one-dimensional and multi-dimensional)
  • Pointers (store memory addresses)
  • Structures (user-defined data types that can hold multiple variables of different types)

Arrays

• An array is a collection of elements of the same data type that are stored in contiguous memory locations.
• Each element can be accessed using an index.
• There are two main types of arrays in C:
  • One-dimensional array (linear array where elements are stored in a single row or column)
  • Multi-dimensional array (array with more than one dimension, such as two-dimensional arrays)

Operators

• Operators are symbols that represent computations or actions to be performed on operands.
• There are several types of operators in C, including:
  • Arithmetic Operators (+, -, *, /, %, ++, --)
  • Relational Operators (==, !=, >, <, >=, <=)

This quiz covers the fundamental concepts of C programming, including tokens and keywords. Learn about the building blocks of C programs and how they are used by the compiler to understand and process code.