C++ Programming Basics

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Questions and Answers

What is a data member also called as?

Field
Method
Property/Attribute
All of the above (correct)

Where do member functions get their space?

Outside the object
Shared by all objects of the same class (correct)
In the compiler
Inside the object

What is a class in C++?

A collection of only member functions
A collection of only data members
A collection of nested types
A collection of data members and member functions (correct)

What type of class can we instantiate?

Concrete class (C) Signup and view all the answers

What type of member function is defined by the compiler under certain circumstances?

All of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

How many times does a data member get space?

Once per object (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is another name for a member function?

All of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is not a type of data member?

Member function (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the accept_record function?

To accept and store the employee details (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between the two implementations of the Employee struct?

The first one has public members and the second one has private members (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the print_record function?

To display the employee details (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of making the members of the Employee struct private?

It makes the members accessible only through member functions (A) Signup and view all the answers

Why is the accept_record function rewritten as a member function in the second implementation?

To make it a member function with private access (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the Employee emp object in the main function?

It is an instance of the Employee struct (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the `scanf` function in the given code?

To take input from the user (C) Signup and view all the answers

Why is the -> operator used to access the members of the Employee struct?

To access members of a pointer to the struct (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between `emp.name` and `emp.empid`?

<code>emp.name</code> is a character and <code>emp.empid</code> is an integer (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the struct Employee declaration?

To define a struct (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the benefit of using a struct to represent an Employee?

It provides a way to encapsulate data and functions (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the `struct Employee`?

To define a data type (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the public keyword in the second implementation?

It makes the members public (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between the local structure and the global structure?

Local structure is used only in the main function, while global structure is used throughout the program (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the `print` function in the global structure example?

To display output on the screen (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the `ptr->name` syntax?

To access the value of the <code>name</code> member of the <code>ptr</code> structure (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the `&emp` syntax?

To pass the address of <code>emp</code> to the <code>print</code> function (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the output of the program in the global structure example?

Name : Ketan, Empid : 1, Salary : 1000.00 (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the `struct Employee emp;` statement?

To declare a variable <code>emp</code> of type <code>Employee</code> (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a program in the context of C++?

A collection of statements (C) Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

C++ Programming

Local Structure

A local structure is defined within a function or block.
It is a user-defined data type that contains variables of different data types.
Example: struct Employee { char name; int empid; float salary; };

Global Structure

A global structure is defined outside a function or block.
It can be used throughout the program.
Example: struct Employee { char name; int empid; float salary; }; defined at the top of the program.

Functions

void accept_record(struct Employee *ptr) is a global function that takes a pointer to a struct Employee as a parameter.
It is used to accept input for an employee's record.
void print_record(struct Employee *ptr) is a global function that takes a pointer to a struct Employee as a parameter.
It is used to print an employee's record.

Accessing Structure Members

Members of a structure can be accessed using the -> operator if a pointer to the structure is used.
Example: ptr->name, ptr->empid, ptr->salary.
Members of a structure can be accessed using the . operator if an object of the structure is used.
Example: emp.name, emp.empid, emp.salary.

Member Functions

A member function is a function defined inside a class or structure.
It is also called a method or operation.
Member functions do not get space inside an object.
All objects of the same class share a single copy of a member function.

Class

A class is a keyword in C++.
It is a collection of data members and member functions.
It is a basic unit of encapsulation.
A class can contain:
- Data members (non-static and static)
- Member functions (non-static and static)
- Nested types (not in syllabus)

Special Member Functions

Some member functions are special and are defined by the compiler under certain circumstances:
- Constructor
- Destructor
- Copy constructor
- Assignment operator function

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