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Questions and Answers
In C programming, what distinguishes the prefix increment operator (++x) from the postfix increment operator (x++)?
In C programming, what distinguishes the prefix increment operator (++x) from the postfix increment operator (x++)?
- Prefix increments are only applicable to integer types, while postfix works with floating-point types.
- Prefix increments the variable after its value is used in an expression; postfix increments before.
- There is no difference; both operators perform the same function, but prefix notation is preferred for readability.
- Prefix increments the variable before its value is used in an expression; postfix increments after. (correct)
What is the purpose of relational operators in C programming?
What is the purpose of relational operators in C programming?
- To perform arithmetic calculations such as addition and subtraction.
- To compare two objects, determining relationships like equality, greater than, or less than. (correct)
- To combine multiple conditional statements into a single expression.
- To assign values to variables based on certain conditions.
Consider the C expression x != 0 && y != 0. Under what condition will short-circuit evaluation cause the second part of the expression (y != 0) to not be evaluated?
Consider the C expression x != 0 && y != 0. Under what condition will short-circuit evaluation cause the second part of the expression (y != 0) to not be evaluated?
- When `x` is not equal to 0.
- When both `x` and `y` are not equal to 0.
- When `y` is equal to 0.
- When `x` is equal to 0. (correct)
What is the correct interpretation of the C statement a = a + 10;?
What is the correct interpretation of the C statement a = a + 10;?
Given int x = 5;, what will be the value of x after executing the statement x *= 5;?
Given int x = 5;, what will be the value of x after executing the statement x *= 5;?
What is the distinction between a = b and a == b in C?
What is the distinction between a = b and a == b in C?
Analyze the following C code snippet:
int a = 10;
int b = 3;
int result = a % b;
What value will be stored in the result variable?
Analyze the following C code snippet:
int a = 10;
int b = 3;
int result = a % b;
What value will be stored in the result variable?
Which of the following is an example of a bitwise operator in C that performs a bitwise AND operation and assignment?
Which of the following is an example of a bitwise operator in C that performs a bitwise AND operation and assignment?
Assuming x = 5 and y = 10, evaluate the following C expression: !(x > 3 && y < 12). What is the result?
Assuming x = 5 and y = 10, evaluate the following C expression: !(x > 3 && y < 12). What is the result?
What associativity rule applies to the assignment operators in C?
What associativity rule applies to the assignment operators in C?
Flashcards
What is an Operator?
What is an Operator?
A symbol that tells the compiler to perform specific mathematical or logical functions.
- Operator
- Operator
Adds two operands. Example: A + B = 30
- Operator
- Operator
Subtracts second operand from the first. Example: A - B = -10
- Operator
- Operator
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/ Operator
/ Operator
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% Operator
% Operator
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++ Operator
++ Operator
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-- Operator
-- Operator
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What does the '=' operator do?
What does the '=' operator do?
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What is the purpose of Logical operators?
What is the purpose of Logical operators?
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Study Notes
Arithmetic Operators
- Operators are symbols that instruct the compiler to perform mathematical or logical functions
- C supports operators like
*=,+=,/=, and-= - For instance, with
int i = 5; i *= 5;,ibecomes 25 after the operation ++and--are frequently used arithmetic operators, which can be placed before or after variables++specifies incrementing, while--specifies decrementing- Prefix increment means the increment occurs before the operation, while postfix means the increment happens afterward
- These prefix/postfix distinctions are crucial when using these operators
Assignment Operators
=is a simple assignment operator which assigns values from the right to the left operand+=is an add AND assignment operator;C += Ais equivalent toC = C + A-=is a subtract AND assignment operator;C -= Ais equivalent toC = C - A*=is a multiply AND assignment operator;C *= Ais equivalent toC = C * A/=is a divide AND assignment operator;C /= Ais equivalent toC = C / A%=is a modulus AND assignment operator;C %= Aequivalent toC = C % A<<=is a left shift AND assignment operator;C <<= 2is the same asC = C << 2>>=is a right shift AND assignment operator;C >>= 2is the same asC = C >> 2&=is a bitwise AND assignment operator;C &= 2is the same asC = C & 2^=is a bitwise exclusive OR assignment operator;C ^= 2is the same asC = C ^ 2|=is a bitwise inclusive OR assignment operator;C |= 2is the same asC = C | 2
Relational Operators
- Relational operators such as
<and>are used for comparing objects - C provides six relational operators:
<,<=,>,>=,!=, and== - The first four operators are self-explanatory
!=means "not equals to"==means "equivalent to"a = bis different froma == b, though C compilers may allow both in conditionals
Logical Operators
- Logical operators in C simulate Boolean algebra
- Examples:
&&,||,&,|, and^ &&compares two objects with AND, for example:x != 0 && y != 0- Expressions with logical operators undergo Short-Circuit Evaluation
- In
x != 0 && y != 0, ifx != 0is false, the entire statement is false, regardless ofy != 0
C Operator Precedence
- Postfix operators have left-to-right associativity:
() -> . ++ -- - Unary operators have right-to-left associativity:
+ - ! ~ ++ -- (type)* & sizeof - Multiplicative operators have left-to-right associativity:
* / % - Additive operators have left-to-right associativity:
+ - - Shift operators have left-to-right associativity:
<< >> - Relational operators have left-to-right associativity:
< <= > >= - Equality operators have left-to-right associativity:
== != - Bitwise AND has left-to-right associativity:
& - Bitwise XOR has left-to-right associativity:
^ - Bitwise OR has left-to-right associativity:
| - Logical AND has left-to-right associativity:
&& - Logical OR has left-to-right associativity:
|| - Conditional operator has right-to-left associativity:
?: - Assignment operators have right-to-left associativity:
= += -= *= /= %= >>= <<= &= ^= |= - Comma operator has left-to-right associativity:
,
Summary
- The
=character does not denote equality a = 10means take the numerical value 10 and store it in memory location associated with the integer variableaa = a + 10means take the current value stored in a memory location associated with the integer variablea, add the numerical value 10 to it, and then replace this value in the memory location associated witha- To assign a numerical value to variables using floating point we would use:
total = 0.0;sum = 12.50;
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