C++ Conditional Statements Quiz

Conditional Statements

• Programs often involve branching, repeating code, or decision-making processes
• C++ uses control structures for these operations
• A block of instructions is a group of instructions enclosed in curly brackets {} and separated by semicolons (;)
• The if statement is a fundamental decision-making structure
• format: if (expression) program statement
  • Expression may be a single statement or a block of statements in braces {}
  • If it's a single statement, the format is if (expression) single statement;
  • A block of statements inside {} is executed only if the condition (expression) is true

Nested if Statements

• Nested if statements: one if statement inside another.
• It's important to associate the else correctly
• The else associates with the closest if lacking an else

Else if Statement

• Used to chain multiple conditional checks

• format: if (expression1) statement1 else if (expression2) statement2 else if (expression3) statement3 else statement4.

  -Expressions are checked in order, the first to evaluate as true will execute. Subsequent else if are ignored

• else can be omitted, it is implicitly linked to the nearest if without an else (no curly brackets surrounding statement)

Switch Statements

• A more efficient alternative to multiple if-else if statements which check for multiple possible constant integer values
• format: switch (expression) { case constant1: block of instructions 1 break; case constant2: block of instructions 2 break; default: default block instructions }
• Matches expression to a case value. Then executes thatcase block of instruction
• break is used to exit the switch statement immediately after the matching case block is executed
  • this is important to avoid unintended execution of the subsequent case statements
• A default clause handles cases that don't match any case