C++ Class and Data Structures Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What type of tree allows for search operations wherein each node's left subtree contains only values less than or equal to the node's value?

  • All of these
  • Strictly Binary Tree
  • AVL Tree
  • Binary Search Tree (correct)

    • If node A in a binary search tree is deleted, which nodes could potentially replace it?

  • L and M
  • D and E
  • J and I
  • H and E (correct)

    • In which case can a single rotation fix the balance of an AVL tree?

  • Insertion into left subtree of right child
  • Insertion into left subtree of left child (correct)
  • Insertion into right subtree of left child
  • Insertion into right subtree of right child (correct)

    • How can elements in an AVL Tree be accessed?

    <p>Both linear and non-linear ways</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the classification of an AVL tree?

    <p>Non-linear data structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is NOT correct regarding linked lists?

    <p>In a linked list, elements are necessarily contiguous.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a postfix expression, each operator refers to how many previous operand(s)?

    <p>Two</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of tree structure allows balancing through rotations?

    <p>AVL Tree</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which calling method maintains the original value of the argument in the calling function?

    <p>Call by passing the value of the argument</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For a tree to be considered an AVL tree, which of the following must be true?

    <p>All the nodes fulfill the AVL condition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What statement correctly changes the currentNode in a linked list to refer to the next node?

    <p>currentNode = currentNode-&gt;nextNode;</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines a priority queue compared to a regular queue?

    <p>Elements are added based on priority, not FIFO</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a self-referential data type?

    <p>Link list</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many pointers does each node in a doubly linked list contain?

    <p>2 pointers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During an insertion into an EMPTY queue implemented with a linked list, which pointers change?

    <p>Both change</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a tree structure, what does it mean if a node has at least one sibling?

    <p>The node shares a parent with another node</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many pointers does each node in a Binary Search Tree (BST) have?

    <p>2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which operator has the highest precedence in expressions?

    <p>Exponentiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following are considered linear data structures?

    <p>Both Stacks and Queues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the last entry that points to a null value in a Singly Linked List called?

    <p>Last Node</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which member function can alter the private member variables of the foo object that activates the function?

    <p>Only x can alter the private member variables.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Are non-recursive calls generally faster than recursive calls?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of data structure is a tree considered?

    <p>Non-Linear</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum depth of recursive calls a function may make?

    <p>There is no fixed maximum.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If n is the number of nodes in a complete Binary Tree, what is the maximum steps required for a search operation?

    <p>Log2 (n + 1)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a valid postfix notation for the expression A+B*C-D?

    <p>ABC*+D-</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which notation is an operator placed between two operands?

    <p>Infix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the linked list implementation of the stack class, where does the push member function place the new entry?

    <p>At the head of the list.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a circular array implementation of the queue class with a capacity of 42, where does the push member function place the new entry?

    <p>At the next available position in the array.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the expression AB+C* represent in terms of notation?

    <p>A postfix expression.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly describes the member function declarations in the class foo?

    <p>z cannot modify its parameter since it's a const function.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does changing the parameter to const affect the ability to modify it within a function?

    <p>It prohibits any modifications to the parameter.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement correctly defines the comparison between two class objects using the LessThan function?

    <p>if (alpha.LessThan(beta))</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the difference between data structures?

    <p>A queue is a FIFO data structure, whereas a stack is a LIFO data structure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which operator has higher priority than all others?

    <p>Exponentiation operator</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many pointers does each node in a Binary Search Tree have?

    <p>2 pointers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about trees is INCORRECT?

    <p>A search tree is a special type of tree where all values are unordered.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be said about the size of arrays after their creation?

    <p>We can neither increase nor decrease the array size after their creation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum time complexity for searching an element in an AVL tree?

    <p>Log2(n+1)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which data structure allows for size changes after its creation?

    <p>Linked List</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    C++ Class Declaration

    • x(foo f) can alter the private member variables of the foo object that activates the function.
    • y(const foo f) cannot alter the private member variables of the foo object that activates the function, as it is declared as a constant parameter.
    • z(foo f) const cannot alter the private member variables of the foo object that activates the function, because the function itself is declared as const.

    Recursive Function Calls

    • There is no fixed maximum depth of recursive calls a function can make.

    Complete Binary Trees

    • The maximum steps required for a search operation in a complete binary tree with n nodes is Log2(n+1) -1.

    Linked List Implementation of the Stack

    • The push member function in a linked list implementation of the stack class places the new entry at the head of the linked list.

    Circular Array Implementation of the Queue

    • The push member function in a circular array implementation of the queue class places the new entry in the array, but the exact placement depends on the specific implementation details. The text provided doesn't sufficiently detail this.

    Postfix Expression

    • The expression AB+C is called a postfix expression.

    Binary Search Tree

    • A binary search tree is a binary tree where every node has a value, every node's left subtree contains only values less than or equal to the node's value, and every node's right subtree contains only values that are greater than or equal to the node's value.

    AVL Tree

    • An AVL tree is a self-balancing binary search tree. It is a non-linear data structure.

    Linked Lists Overview

    • In a linked list, elements are not necessarily contiguous in memory.
    • Elements in a linked list can be located at far positions in memory.
    • In a linked list, each element has a pointer to the next element in the list.
    • In an array, the elements are always contiguous in memory.

    Postfix Expression

    • Each operator in a postfix expression refers to the previous two operands.

    Function Calling Methods

    • Call by passing the value of the argument does not change the original value of the argument in the calling function.

    AVL Tree

    • A tree is an AVL tree if all of the nodes fulfill the AVL condition.

    Node Manipulation in a Linked List

    • The statement currentNode = currentNode->nextNode; changes currentNode so that it refers to the next node in the linked list.

    Priority Queue

    • A queue where the dequeue operation depends on factors other than FIFO (First-In, First-Out) is called a priority queue.

    Self- Referential Data Types

    • Stacks, queues, and linked lists are all considered self-referential data types.

    Doubly Linked List Structure

    • Each node in a doubly linked list has two pointers—one to the previous node and one to the next node.

    Insertion in an Empty Queue

    • Both the front and rear pointers will change during the insertion into an empty queue implemented with a linked list.

    Sibling Nodes in a Tree

    • All nodes in a tree that have more than one child have at least one sibling. This statement is about how a "sibling" node is defined, not about the number of nodes with siblings.

    Data Structre Size Modification

    • The size of a linked list, binary search tree, and AVL tree can all be changed after their creation.

    Operators and Precedence

    • The expression alpha.LessThan(beta) correctly compares two class objects alpha and beta.

    Queue and Stack

    • A queue is a FIFO (First-In, First-Out) data structure, whereas a stack is a LIFO (Last-In, First-Out) data structure.

    Operator Precedence

    • The exponentiation operator has the highest priority among the operators (+, -, *, /).

    Binary Search Tree Node Structure

    • Each node in a binary search tree has two pointers, one for the left child and one for the right child.

    Tree Data Structure

    • Trees are recursively defined multi-dimensional data structures.
    • The order of a tree indicates the maximum number of children allowed at each node of the tree.
    • A search tree is a special type of tree where all values (i.e., keys) are ordered.

    Array Size

    • We can neither increase nor decrease the array size after its creation.

    Searching an Element

    • Searching an element in an AVL tree takes a maximum of Log2(n+1) time, where n is the number of nodes in the tree.

    Non - Recursive Calls

    • Non-recursive calls are faster than recursive calls, as they do not have the overhead of function call stack management.

    Tree: Linear or Non-Linear

    • A tree data structure is a non-linear data structure.

    Postfix Notation

    • The valid postfix notation of A+B*C-D is ABC+D-*.

    Infix Notation

    • When an operator is used in between two operands, this is called infix notation.

    Postfix Expression

    • abc+d-* is a valid postfix expression.

    Data Structures: Compound Data Structures

    • Compound Data Structures are those composed of one or more fundamental data structures.
    • Arrays, linked lists, and binary search trees are all considered compound data structures.

    Pointer Declaration

    • If a pointer is declared but not assigned a variable address, it will contain a NULL value.

    Linear Data Structures

    • Stacks and queues are both linear data structures.

    Singly Linked List: Null Entry Point

    • Each entry that points to a null value in a singly linked list is known as a last node.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on C++ class declarations, recursive functions, complete binary trees, and data structures such as stacks and queues. This quiz covers key concepts and implementation details that are essential for understanding C++. Challenge yourself and see how much you know!

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