C++ Chapter 6 - Functions Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following best describes a recursive function?

A function with multiple parameters

A function that uses only loops

A function that returns void

A function that calls itself (correct)

What key characteristic is unique to recursive functions?

They always return a value.

They must have a base case. (correct)

They cannot use other functions.

They can lead to infinite loops.

Which statement is false regarding recursive functions?

They can use a stack to manage function calls.

They can lead to stack overflow if not defined properly.

They are always the most efficient solution. (correct)

They simplify complex problems into smaller subproblems.

Which of the following scenarios is most appropriate for using a recursive function?

Calculating the factorial of a number Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential drawback of using recursive functions?

They require more memory for variable storage. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of using global variables in programming?

To maintain consistency across multiple functions Signup and view all the answers

What does declaring a variable as const imply?

The variable is immutable and cannot be changed once assigned Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the expression rand() % 6?

A random integer between 0 and 5 inclusive Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of forcing arguments to match the parameter types?

It ensures type safety and prevents runtime errors Signup and view all the answers

Changing argument names in a function signature affects which aspect of the function?

The internal workings of the function implementation Signup and view all the answers

What type of error arises from converting a higher data type to a lower one in C++?

Data loss or corruption Signup and view all the answers

How might the compiler respond when it encounters an overloaded function?

By selecting the most suitable overload Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of error associated with type conversion in C++?

Logical error Signup and view all the answers

In the context of function overloading, what must be different between two overloaded functions?

Parameter types or number Signup and view all the answers

What situation might cause a runtime exception related to data type conversion in C++?

Converting a float to an integer when the float is out of range Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the 'auto' storage class in C++?

To define variables that are local to a function Signup and view all the answers

Which storage class is designed to retain the value of a variable between function calls?

static Signup and view all the answers

What does the 'extern' storage class indicate about a variable?

It is a global variable that can be reused across multiple files Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the unary scope resolution operator (::) in C++?

It enables access to global variables within a function Signup and view all the answers

In C++, what is the effect of using a 'register' storage class?

It suggests that the variable is stored in high-speed memory for performance Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of seeding the rand() function in C++?

To ensure randomness in generated numbers Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following options does NOT represent a use case for the rand() function in C++?

Storing global variables Signup and view all the answers

Which of these choices accurately describes a characteristic of global variables in C++?

They retain their value throughout the program's execution Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of sorting numbers generated by the rand() function?

It negates the randomness of the generated numbers Signup and view all the answers

Which storage class is typically utilized for global variables in C++?

External storage class Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary characteristic of global variables compared to local variables?

Global variables can be used anywhere in the program Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about local variables is accurate?

Local variables exist only within the block of code they are defined Signup and view all the answers

What happens when a local variable has the same name as a global variable?

The local variable overrides the global variable within its scope Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is false regarding the initialization of variables?

Local variables are initialized by default Signup and view all the answers

In terms of scope, which of the following statements is true?

Local variables are restricted to the block in which they are defined Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Chapter 6 - Functions in C++

Purpose of functions in C++: Modularize programs into self-contained units, improving readability, simplifying debugging, and testing.
Advantages of dividing programs into functions: Simplifies debugging and testing, improves readability, and modularizes the code.
Header file containing sqrt function: <cmath>
Specifying empty parameter lists: Use empty parentheses () or the keyword void.
Keyword for default arguments: default arguments are directly included in the prototype.
Argument coercion: Forcing arguments to match parameter types.
Output of rand() % 6: A random integer between 0 and 5.
Base case in recursion: The simplest case that stops the recursion (which avoids infinite recursion).
Unary scope resolution operator (::): Used to access global variables.
Recursive function: A function that calls itself.

Function Prototypes

Definition: A function declaration specifying the function's name, return type, and parameters. It allows the compiler to verify function calls.
Purpose: Enables the compiler to check the correctness of function calls before the function's body is translated

Overloaded Functions

Definition: Functions with the same name but different parameters (arguments). The compiler differentiates based on parameter lists.

Recursion vs. Iteration

Difference: Recursion uses repeated function calls, while iteration uses loops.
Disadvantage of recursion: Recursion usually consumes more memory as compared to its iterative counterpart, due to repeated function calls that store on the call stack creating potential stack overflows.

Storage Classes

Globals (extern): Used for variables accessible throughout the program.
Static: Variables retain their values between function calls

Random Number Generation

rand(): Generates pseudo-random numbers.
srand(): Seeds the rand() function to produce different sequences of random numbers.

Inline Functions

Purpose: To reduce the overhead of function calls (more efficient for small functions often called repeatedly).

Scope

Local scope: Variables declared inside a block (e.g., within a function or loop).
Global scope: Variables declared outside of any function, accessible from anywhere in the program.

Function Call Stack

Role: Manages function calls and return addresses.

Argument Passing in Functions

Pass-by-value: A copy of the argument is passed, modification of the argument within the function does not affect the original variable.
Pass-by-reference: The address of the argument is passed, changes within the function affect the original variable.

Error Handling

Error Types: Syntax errors, data-loss or runtime errors, compilation warnings.
Error Handling Techniques: Exception handling, robust code designs, avoiding common programming errors.

Miscellaneous Notes

Understanding standard libraries and namespaces like <iostream>, <cstdlib>, <ctime>, and <cmath>.

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Description

Test your understanding of functions in C++. This quiz covers the purpose of functions, advantages of modularizing code, and important concepts such as recursion and function prototypes. Challenge yourself with questions on function headers and argument handling.