C# and .NET Interview Questions
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Questions and Answers

The CLR is a physical machine component of the .NET framework.

False

What type of applications can be built using .NET?

  • Desktop and gaming
  • Only web applications
  • Web, mobile, desktop, and gaming (correct)
  • Web and mobile

    • What is the main difference between managed and unmanaged code?

    Managed code is executed by the CLR, which provides services like garbage collection, exception handling, and type checking, whereas unmanaged code is executed directly by the operating system.

    .NET applications can run on any device or platform that supports the _______________ framework.

    <p>.NET</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process called when the CLR converts Intermediate Language (IL) code into native machine code?

    <p>Just-In-Time (JIT) compilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    C# is the only programming language supported by .NET.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following data types in C# with their categories:

    <p>Value Types = Int, bool, char Reference Types = Classes, interfaces, delegates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of garbage collection in .NET?

    <p>To free up memory used by objects that are no longer accessible</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In C#, reference types are stored as separate copies in memory.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three phases of garbage collection in .NET?

    <p>marking, relocating, and compacting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In C#, exception handling is done using the ______, _______, and ______ blocks.

    <p>try, catch, finally</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a namespace in C#?

    <p>To organize code into a hierarchical structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In C#, value types are stored as references in memory.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following C# concepts with their descriptions:

    <p>Garbage Collection = Frees up memory used by objects that are no longer accessible Exception Handling = Handles runtime errors using try, catch, and finally blocks Namespace = Organizes code into a hierarchical structure Class = A category of objects that serve different purposes in object-oriented programming</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the finally block in exception handling?

    <p>For cleanup purposes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does ASP.NET Core's modular design benefit application maintenance and updates?

    <p>ASP.NET Core's modular design allows for easier maintenance and updates by enabling developers to update individual components without affecting the entire application.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of using Entity Framework's change tracking feature?

    <p>The primary advantage of using Entity Framework's change tracking feature is that it enables automatic detection and persistence of changes made to .NET objects, reducing the need for manual database queries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does ADO.NET's data adapter component facilitate data retrieval and updates?

    <p>ADO.NET's data adapter component facilitates data retrieval and updates by providing a bridge between a dataset and a data source, allowing for efficient data filling and updating.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Razor Pages framework in ASP.NET Core?

    <p>The Razor Pages framework in ASP.NET Core provides a simplified approach to building web applications by allowing developers to create pages with minimal coding and a more intuitive development experience.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do C# operators '+' and '-' differ in their behavior when used with string and int data types?

    <p>The '+' operator performs concatenation when used with <code>string</code> data types, whereas it performs addition when used with <code>int</code> data types. The '-' operator performs subtraction with <code>int</code> data types, but is not applicable to <code>string</code> data types.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the $ symbol in C# string interpolation?

    <p>The <code>$</code> symbol in C# string interpolation indicates the start of an interpolated string, allowing developers to embed expressions and variables within a string.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    .NET Framework

    • .NET is a comprehensive development platform for building various applications, including web, mobile, desktop, and gaming.
    • It supports multiple programming languages, such as C#, F#, and Visual Basic.

    Common Language Runtime (CLR)

    • The CLR is a virtual machine component of the .NET framework that manages the execution of .NET programs.
    • It provides services like memory management, type safety, exception handling, garbage collection, and thread management.
    • The CLR converts Intermediate Language (IL) code into native machine code through a process called Just-In-Time (JIT) compilation.

    Managed and Unmanaged Code

    • Managed code is executed by the CLR, which provides services like garbage collection, exception handling, and type checking.
    • Unmanaged code is executed directly by the operating system, and all memory allocation, type safety, and security must be handled by the programmer.
    • Examples of unmanaged code include applications written in C or C++.

    C# Program Structure

    • A basic C# program consists of various elements.

    Data Types in C#

    • In C#, data types are divided into two categories: Value Types and Reference Types.
    • Value Types: changing one value does not affect another, as each value is a separate copy.
    • Reference Types: changes made to one reference affect all references, as they point to the same object.

    Garbage Collection in .NET

    • Garbage collection (GC) is an automatic memory management feature that frees up memory used by objects that are no longer accessible in the program.
    • The GC operates on a separate thread and works in three phases: marking, relocating, and compacting.

    Exception Handling in C#

    • Exception handling in C# is a mechanism to handle runtime errors, allowing a program to continue running or fail gracefully instead of crashing.
    • It is done using the try, catch, and finally blocks.

    C# Classes

    • Classes in C# can be categorized based on their functionality and accessibility.
    • Each type serves different purposes in the context of object-oriented programming and design patterns.

    Namespaces in C#

    • A namespace in C# is used to organize code into a hierarchical structure.
    • It allows the grouping of logically related classes, structs, interfaces, enums, and delegates.
    • Namespaces help avoid naming conflicts by qualifying names.

    ASP.NET Core

    • A cross-platform, open-source framework for building web applications and services
    • Built on top of .NET Core, allowing for deployment on Windows, macOS, and Linux
    • Offers modular design for easier maintenance and updates
    • Provides improved performance and scalability
    • Supports HTTP/2, WebSockets, and WebAssembly
    • Includes built-in support for dependency injection and middleware
    • Features Razor Pages and MVC frameworks for building web applications

    Entity Framework

    • An Object-Relational Mapping (ORM) framework for .NET
    • Allows developers to interact with databases using .NET objects
    • Supports various database providers, including SQL Server, MySQL, and PostgreSQL
    • Enables LINQ queries for querying and manipulating database data
    • Features change tracking, lazy loading, and caching
    • Supports code-first, database-first, and model-first development approaches

    ADO.NET

    • A set of libraries for accessing and manipulating data in databases
    • Provides a consistent interface for working with various database providers
    • Includes connection and command objects for executing SQL queries and stored procedures
    • Features data readers for retrieving and manipulating data
    • Includes data adapters for filling and updating datasets
    • Supports transactions, batching, and asynchronous operations

    C# Syntax

    • Variables are declared using the type name syntax, e.g., int x = 5;
    • Basic data types include int, string, bool, etc.
    • Operators such as +, -, *, /, etc. are used for arithmetic and logical operations
    • Control structures include if, switch, while, for, etc.
    • Classes are defined using the public class syntax, e.g., public class MyClass { }
    • Inheritance is implemented using the : syntax, e.g., public class MyClass : MyBaseClass { }
    • Methods are defined using the public return-type syntax, e.g., public void MyMethod() { }
    • Properties are defined using the public type syntax, e.g., public int MyProperty { get; set; }
    • Lambda expressions are used for functional programming, e.g., x =&gt; x * 2
    • LINQ queries are used for querying and manipulating data, e.g., from x in collection where x &gt; 5 select x
    • Anonymous types are used for creating objects without explicit type definitions, e.g., var myObject = new { Name = "John", Age = 30 };
    • Error handling is implemented using try-catch blocks, e.g., try {...} catch (Exception ex) {...}
    • Exceptions can be thrown using the throw keyword, e.g., throw new Exception("Error message");

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    A collection of 50 technical interview questions covering various levels of expertise in .NET and C# programming. Prepare for your next interview with these challenging questions.

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