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Questions and Answers
The CLR is a physical machine component of the .NET framework.
False
What type of applications can be built using .NET?
What is the main difference between managed and unmanaged code?
Managed code is executed by the CLR, which provides services like garbage collection, exception handling, and type checking, whereas unmanaged code is executed directly by the operating system.
.NET applications can run on any device or platform that supports the _______________ framework.
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What is the process called when the CLR converts Intermediate Language (IL) code into native machine code?
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C# is the only programming language supported by .NET.
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Match the following data types in C# with their categories:
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What is the main purpose of garbage collection in .NET?
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In C#, reference types are stored as separate copies in memory.
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What are the three phases of garbage collection in .NET?
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In C#, exception handling is done using the ______, _______, and ______ blocks.
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What is the purpose of a namespace in C#?
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In C#, value types are stored as references in memory.
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Match the following C# concepts with their descriptions:
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What is the purpose of the finally block in exception handling?
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How does ASP.NET Core's modular design benefit application maintenance and updates?
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What is the primary advantage of using Entity Framework's change tracking feature?
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How does ADO.NET's data adapter component facilitate data retrieval and updates?
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What is the purpose of the Razor Pages framework in ASP.NET Core?
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How do C# operators '+' and '-' differ in their behavior when used with string and int data types?
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What is the significance of the $ symbol in C# string interpolation?
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Study Notes
.NET Framework
- .NET is a comprehensive development platform for building various applications, including web, mobile, desktop, and gaming.
- It supports multiple programming languages, such as C#, F#, and Visual Basic.
Common Language Runtime (CLR)
- The CLR is a virtual machine component of the .NET framework that manages the execution of .NET programs.
- It provides services like memory management, type safety, exception handling, garbage collection, and thread management.
- The CLR converts Intermediate Language (IL) code into native machine code through a process called Just-In-Time (JIT) compilation.
Managed and Unmanaged Code
- Managed code is executed by the CLR, which provides services like garbage collection, exception handling, and type checking.
- Unmanaged code is executed directly by the operating system, and all memory allocation, type safety, and security must be handled by the programmer.
- Examples of unmanaged code include applications written in C or C++.
C# Program Structure
- A basic C# program consists of various elements.
Data Types in C#
- In C#, data types are divided into two categories: Value Types and Reference Types.
- Value Types: changing one value does not affect another, as each value is a separate copy.
- Reference Types: changes made to one reference affect all references, as they point to the same object.
Garbage Collection in .NET
- Garbage collection (GC) is an automatic memory management feature that frees up memory used by objects that are no longer accessible in the program.
- The GC operates on a separate thread and works in three phases: marking, relocating, and compacting.
Exception Handling in C#
- Exception handling in C# is a mechanism to handle runtime errors, allowing a program to continue running or fail gracefully instead of crashing.
- It is done using the try, catch, and finally blocks.
C# Classes
- Classes in C# can be categorized based on their functionality and accessibility.
- Each type serves different purposes in the context of object-oriented programming and design patterns.
Namespaces in C#
- A namespace in C# is used to organize code into a hierarchical structure.
- It allows the grouping of logically related classes, structs, interfaces, enums, and delegates.
- Namespaces help avoid naming conflicts by qualifying names.
ASP.NET Core
- A cross-platform, open-source framework for building web applications and services
- Built on top of .NET Core, allowing for deployment on Windows, macOS, and Linux
- Offers modular design for easier maintenance and updates
- Provides improved performance and scalability
- Supports HTTP/2, WebSockets, and WebAssembly
- Includes built-in support for dependency injection and middleware
- Features Razor Pages and MVC frameworks for building web applications
Entity Framework
- An Object-Relational Mapping (ORM) framework for .NET
- Allows developers to interact with databases using .NET objects
- Supports various database providers, including SQL Server, MySQL, and PostgreSQL
- Enables LINQ queries for querying and manipulating database data
- Features change tracking, lazy loading, and caching
- Supports code-first, database-first, and model-first development approaches
ADO.NET
- A set of libraries for accessing and manipulating data in databases
- Provides a consistent interface for working with various database providers
- Includes connection and command objects for executing SQL queries and stored procedures
- Features data readers for retrieving and manipulating data
- Includes data adapters for filling and updating datasets
- Supports transactions, batching, and asynchronous operations
C# Syntax
- Variables are declared using the
typenamesyntax, e.g.,int x = 5; - Basic data types include
int,string,bool, etc. - Operators such as
+,-,*,/, etc. are used for arithmetic and logical operations - Control structures include
if,switch,while,for, etc. - Classes are defined using the
public classsyntax, e.g.,public class MyClass { } - Inheritance is implemented using the
:syntax, e.g.,public class MyClass : MyBaseClass { } - Methods are defined using the
publicreturn-typesyntax, e.g.,public void MyMethod() { } - Properties are defined using the
publictypesyntax, e.g.,public int MyProperty { get; set; } - Lambda expressions are used for functional programming, e.g.,
x => x * 2 - LINQ queries are used for querying and manipulating data, e.g.,
from x in collection where x > 5 select x - Anonymous types are used for creating objects without explicit type definitions, e.g.,
var myObject = new { Name = "John", Age = 30 }; - Error handling is implemented using try-catch blocks, e.g.,
try {...} catch (Exception ex) {...} - Exceptions can be thrown using the
throwkeyword, e.g.,throw new Exception("Error message");
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Description
A collection of 50 technical interview questions covering various levels of expertise in .NET and C# programming. Prepare for your next interview with these challenging questions.
