18 Questions
The ______ access specifier allows all functions to access the member.
public
In object-oriented programming, the principle of ______ is used to restrict access to an object's internal details.
data hiding
Derived classes can access the ______ members of the base class directly.
protected
Public data members can be modified by any function ______ in the program.
anywhere
The ______ access specifier restricts access to members of the same class only.
private
Getter and setter functions in the base class can be bypassed by ______ classes.
derived
In a derived class, member functions can access ______ and protected members of the base class.
public
Objects of a derived class can access only ______ members of the base class.
public
The ______ data-hiding principle prevents accidental changes in the attributes of objects.
data
The creator of a derived class is a client programmer (user) of the ______ class.
base
In the example, the base class Point has an ID as a ______ data member.
protected
The access specifier ______ allows access to members from the own class and derived classes.
protected
In applications where speed is ______, such as real-time systems, function calls to access private members are time-consuming.
important
Data may be defined as ______ to allow derived classes to access data directly and faster.
protected
It is safer and more reliable if derived classes cannot access ______ class data directly.
base
When we derive a new class from a ______ class, we provide an access specifier for the base class.
base
Member variables of a class should always be ______ unless there is a good reason not to do so.
private
If code outside of the class requires access to member variables, add ______ or protected getter and/or setter methods to your class.
public
Study Notes
Object-Oriented Programming: Access Specifiers
- Access specifiers (public, protected, private) define the accessibility of class members.
Public Members
- Can be accessed from anywhere in the program.
- Should be avoided as they can be modified by any function.
- Anyone can access and modify public data.
Protected Members
- Can be accessed by members of the same class and derived classes.
- Not accessible from outside the class or derived classes.
- Allow derived classes to access base class data directly.
- Used when speed is critical, such as in real-time systems.
- Examples: real-time systems, applications where speed is important.
Private Members
- Can only be accessed by members of the same class.
- Not accessible from outside the class or derived classes.
- Should be used for member variables unless there's a good reason not to.
- Provides data hiding and prevents accidental changes to an object's state.
Inheritance and Access Specifiers
- Derived classes can access public and protected members of the base class.
- Derived classes cannot access private members of the base class.
- Objects of a derived class can only access public members of the base class.
Problems with Protected Members
- Allow derived classes to bypass access control in the base class.
- Can cause potential problems, such as data corruption.
- Can make limit checks and move functions in the base class useless.
Best Practices
- Keep member variables private unless there's a good reason not to.
- Use public or protected getter and/or setter methods to access member variables.
- Avoid using protected members unless necessary, such as in real-time systems.
Test your understanding of access modifiers in C++ and how they work with inheritance. This quiz covers the differences between public, protected, and private access specifiers and how they affect member access in derived classes.
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