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Untitled Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the SI base unit for mass?

  • Ampere
  • Meter
  • Kilogram (correct)
  • Liter
  • Which prefix represents a factor of $10^{3}$?

  • Kilo (correct)
  • Hecto
  • Giga
  • Mega
  • Which of the following is the SI unit for luminous intensity?

  • Ampere
  • Mole
  • Second
  • Candela (correct)
  • Which of these prefixes corresponds to a factor of $10^{-6}$?

    <p>Micro</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the SI base unit for electric current?

    <p>Ampere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor corresponds to the prefix 'femto'?

    <p>$10^{-15}$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many seconds are equivalent to 1 kilosecond?

    <p>1,000</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a base SI unit?

    <p>Liter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of standard is a substance of lower purity and its concentration is determined by comparison with a primary standard?

    <p>Secondary Standard</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason that Chemically Pure/Pure Grade preparations are not recommended for reagent preparation in clinical laboratories?

    <p>Their impurity limitations are not stated.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purification method primarily used for producing Reverse Osmosis Water?

    <p>Pumping water across a semipermeable membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of water is ideal for lab procedures including reagent and standard preparation?

    <p>Substantially Purified Water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ultimate goal of using pre-filters in the preparation of reagent grade water?

    <p>To remove 98% of particulate matter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of Technical or Commercial Grade chemicals?

    <p>They are used primarily in manufacturing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of water purification method meets CLSI requirements and is used for laboratory applications?

    <p>Deionized Water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of water purification method would NOT typically be used in clinical laboratories?

    <p>Technical or Commercial Grade Water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does random error primarily detect in analytical methods?

    <p>Imprecision</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which parameter is associated with systematic error?

    <p>Bias</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What remedy is suggested for addressing random error in analytical methods?

    <p>Re-assay using same reagent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of graph is preferred for quality control in laboratories?

    <p>Levey Jennings Plot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method is specifically used for detecting systematic errors?

    <p>Sample Comparison</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Cumulative Sum Graph is primarily used for what purpose?

    <p>Detecting systematic errors over time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common parameter used in random error analysis?

    <p>Standard Deviation (SD)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which control method is most widely used to apply multirules without computers?

    <p>Levey Jennings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of centrifugation?

    <p>To separate solid matter from a liquid suspension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method is considered the most accurate for delivering and weighing a solution of known specific gravity?

    <p>Gravimetric</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factors determine the centrifugal force in centrifugation?

    <p>Mass, speed, and radius</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the liquid that passes through filter paper during filtration called?

    <p>Filtrate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What secondary method utilizes absorbance to measure dye concentration in a solution?

    <p>Spectrophotometric method</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method involves using a semipermeable membrane for separation?

    <p>Dialysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must be checked using a tachometer or strobe light during the centrifugation process?

    <p>Speed of the centrifuge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to large molecules during dialysis?

    <p>They get collected on one side of the membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of error does the 22S Westgard rule indicate?

    <p>Systematic error</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many consecutive controls are needed to apply the 41S rule?

    <p>4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The 10x Westgard rule is characterized by:

    <p>10 consecutive controls falling on one side of the mean</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which rule indicates a potential random error involving the same mean value?

    <p>R4S</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a positive predictive value indicate?

    <p>Probability that a person with a positive test result actually has the disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of error does the 12S Westgard rule primarily address?

    <p>Random error</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the 13S Westgard rule?

    <p>1 control value exceeds mean ±3SD</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which rule includes four consecutive values that exceed ±1 SD?

    <p>41S</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Diagnostic Sensitivity parameter measures which of the following?

    <p>Proportion with the disease who have a positive test result</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In quality control, what would indicate a systematic error according to the 22S rule?

    <p>Two consecutive controls exceed ±2SD on the same side</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is diagnostic specificity defined?

    <p>Probability of a negative result in healthy individuals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which Westgard rule identifies a pattern of ten consecutive controls?

    <p>10x</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What combination of controls must occur for the 12S rule to be applicable?

    <p>One value exceeding the mean ±2SD</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the R4S rule, which of the following combinations indicates a random error?

    <p>One control above +2SD and one below -2SD</p> Signup and view all the answers

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