Infectious Diseases (Part 2: Main Diseases)

Meningococcemia?

Cause: Caused by Neisseria meningitidis bacteria. Pathogenesis: The bacteria enter the bloodstream and release toxins that cause widespread inflammation and damage to blood vessels. Main Symptoms: Sudden fever, chills, rash (often purple spots), rapid breathing, low blood pressure, and shock. Bacteria: Neisseria meningitidis.

Pneumonia?

Cause: Caused by bacteria like Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, or viruses. Pathogenesis: Infection causes inflammation in the lungs, leading to fluid accumulation and difficulty breathing. Main Symptoms: Cough, fever, shortness of breath, chest pain, fatigue. Bacteria: Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae.

Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS)

Cause: Caused by toxins produced by Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes. Pathogenesis: Bacteria release toxins that cause widespread inflammation, leading to shock and organ failure. Main Symptoms: High fever, low blood pressure, rash (often resembling sunburn), confusion, organ failure. Bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes.

Scalded Skin Syndrome?

Cause: Caused by Staphylococcus aureus. Pathogenesis: The bacteria produce toxins that cause the skin to peel off in large sheets, resembling a burn. Main Symptoms: Redness, blisters, and peeling skin, especially in newborns. Bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus. Signup and view all the answers

Food Poisoning?

Cause: Caused by various bacteria like Salmonella, Escherichia coli, and Clostridium perfringens. Pathogenesis: Bacteria grow in contaminated food and produce toxins that cause digestive issues. Main Symptoms: Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, stomach cramps, fever. Bacteria: Salmonella, Escherichia coli, Clostridium perfringens. Signup and view all the answers

Neonatal Pneumonia?

Cause: Caused by bacteria like Group B Streptococcus, Escherichia coli, or Listeria monocytogenes. Pathogenesis: Infection from birth or during delivery leads to inflammation in the newborn’s lungs. Main Symptoms: Rapid breathing, fever, lethargy, poor feeding. Bacteria: Group B Streptococcus, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes. Signup and view all the answers

Sepsis?

Cause: Often caused by Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, or Streptococcus pneumoniae. Pathogenesis: The body’s extreme response to an infection leads to widespread inflammation, organ failure, and shock. Main Symptoms: Fever, rapid heart rate, confusion, low blood pressure, organ failure. Bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus pneumoniae. Signup and view all the answers

Meningitis?

Cause: Caused by Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, or Haemophilus influenzae. Pathogenesis: The bacteria infect the protective membranes around the brain and spinal cord, causing inflammation. Main Symptoms: Severe headache, stiff neck, fever, sensitivity to light, confusion. Bacteria: Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae. Signup and view all the answers

Septic Shock?

Cause: Caused by a severe infection, typically from bacteria like Escherichia coli or Staphylococcus aureus. Pathogenesis: The infection spreads throughout the body, releasing toxins that cause a drastic drop in blood pressure and organ failure. Main Symptoms: Rapid heartbeat, low blood pressure, confusion, organ failure. Bacteria: Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus. Signup and view all the answers

Pneumococcal Infections?

Cause: Caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteria. Pathogenesis: The bacteria invade the lungs, bloodstream, or other organs, causing inflammation and infection. Main Symptoms: Cough, fever, chest pain, difficulty breathing, confusion. Bacteria: Streptococcus pneumoniae. Signup and view all the answers

Foodborne Infections?

Cause: Caused by various bacteria like Salmonella, Campylobacter, or Escherichia coli. Pathogenesis: Infection through contaminated food, leading to gastrointestinal inflammation and symptoms. Main Symptoms: Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, stomach cramps. Bacteria: Salmonella, Campylobacter, Escherichia coli. Signup and view all the answers

Gas Gangrene?

Cause: Caused by Clostridium perfringens. Pathogenesis: The bacteria infect wounds, producing toxins that cause tissue death and gas production. Main Symptoms: Severe pain, swelling, tissue death (necrosis), gas bubbles under the skin. Bacteria: Clostridium perfringens. Signup and view all the answers

Lyme Disease?

Cause: Caused by Borrelia burgdorferi bacteria. Pathogenesis: Transmitted through tick bites, the bacteria cause infection in skin, joints, and nervous system. Main Symptoms: Bull's-eye rash, fever, fatigue, joint pain, neurological symptoms. Bacteria: Borrelia burgdorferi. Signup and view all the answers

Cholera?

Cause: Caused by Vibrio cholerae bacteria. Pathogenesis: The bacteria produce toxins that cause the intestines to release large amounts of water, leading to dehydration. Main Symptoms: Severe watery diarrhea, vomiting, dehydration, muscle cramps. Bacteria: Vibrio cholerae. Signup and view all the answers

Cat Scratch Disease?

Cause: Caused by Bartonella henselae bacteria. Pathogenesis: The bacteria are transmitted through scratches or bites from infected cats, causing lymph node swelling and infection. Main Symptoms: Swollen lymph nodes, fever, fatigue, and sometimes skin lesions. Bacteria: Bartonella henselae. Signup and view all the answers

Infectious Diseases (Part 2: Main Diseases)

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Questions and Answers

Meningococcemia?

Pneumonia?

Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS)

Scalded Skin Syndrome?

Food Poisoning?

Neonatal Pneumonia?

Sepsis?

Meningitis?

Septic Shock?

Pneumococcal Infections?

Foodborne Infections?

Gas Gangrene?

Lyme Disease?

Cholera?

Cat Scratch Disease?

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