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Questions and Answers
What was the first official state religion of the Byzantine Empire?
What was the first official state religion of the Byzantine Empire?
Christianity
What major issue threatened to tear apart the belief in Christianity?
What major issue threatened to tear apart the belief in Christianity?
The belief in the holy trinity
Who called a meeting to create a unified Christian doctrine in 325CE?
Who called a meeting to create a unified Christian doctrine in 325CE?
Constantine
Who brought up issues related to the holy trinity doctrine at the council of Nicaea?
Who brought up issues related to the holy trinity doctrine at the council of Nicaea?
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Aries accepted the decision of the council and agreed with the Holy Trinity Doctrine
Aries accepted the decision of the council and agreed with the Holy Trinity Doctrine
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What did Constantine do to Aries after he refused to follow the council's decision?
What did Constantine do to Aries after he refused to follow the council's decision?
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What title did Constantine take on regarding the Church?
What title did Constantine take on regarding the Church?
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What happened to Christianity after Constantine's actions?
What happened to Christianity after Constantine's actions?
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What position did Justinian hold in the Byzantine Empire?
What position did Justinian hold in the Byzantine Empire?
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How did Justinian view himself?
How did Justinian view himself?
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Who did Justinian make his co-ruler?
Who did Justinian make his co-ruler?
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What did Theodora and her family do before they were invited to perform for Justinian?
What did Theodora and her family do before they were invited to perform for Justinian?
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What form of entertainment did Theodora specialize in?
What form of entertainment did Theodora specialize in?
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Justinian hesitated in making Theodora his co-ruler
Justinian hesitated in making Theodora his co-ruler
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What did Theodora tell the citizens of Constantinople to do when Justinian questioned giving up the city?
What did Theodora tell the citizens of Constantinople to do when Justinian questioned giving up the city?
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What did Justinian believe God wanted him to accomplish?
What did Justinian believe God wanted him to accomplish?
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What military strategy did Justinian employ for regaining the western territories?
What military strategy did Justinian employ for regaining the western territories?
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What were the two major factors that negatively impacted the Byzantine Empire?
What were the two major factors that negatively impacted the Byzantine Empire?
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What did volcanic eruptions cause?
What did volcanic eruptions cause?
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What did the cooler, damp environment of Constantinople create?
What did the cooler, damp environment of Constantinople create?
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What resulted in lower birth rates in Constantinople?
What resulted in lower birth rates in Constantinople?
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Where was Muhammad born?
Where was Muhammad born?
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What will eventually take down the Byzantine Empire?
What will eventually take down the Byzantine Empire?
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What does the term "doctrine" refer to?
What does the term "doctrine" refer to?
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What does the term "Caesaropapism" refer to?
What does the term "Caesaropapism" refer to?
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What does the term "papism" refer to?
What does the term "papism" refer to?
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What does the term "Papal Primacy" refer to?
What does the term "Papal Primacy" refer to?
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What language did the Eastern Roman Empire begin to adopt?
What language did the Eastern Roman Empire begin to adopt?
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The Eastern Roman Empire continued to use Latin language.
The Eastern Roman Empire continued to use Latin language.
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Study Notes
Byzantine Empire
- Constantine was the first emperor to legalize Christianity.
- Christianity became the official state religion after his lifetime.
- The doctrine of Christianity had to be redefined as it moved from the underground to public practice.
- The Holy Trinity Doctrine explains Christianity as monotheistic, despite believing in three parts.
- This doctrine states that the three parts of the Trinity existed and always have.
- In 325CE, Constantine convened a meeting to establish a unified Christian doctrine.
- This meeting included Aries, who debated the Holy Trinity doctrine.
- Aries was exiled from the empire for disagreeing with the official doctrine.
- Constantine's actions led to a separation of Christianity into two parts, 700 years later.
Justinian and Theodora
- Justinian was the emperor of the Byzantine Empire in Constantinople, who saw himself as God's representative on earth.
- Theodora, his wife, was a co-ruler.
- They had an interesting origin story as traveling performers.
- Theodora was a skilled performer, particularly in burlesque.
- Justinian questioned giving up Constantinople, but Theodora convinced him to hold onto it.
- They wanted to reclaim the Roman Empire, especially the Western regions.
- Emperor Justinian attempted various military conquests which spanned 30 years
- He was not entirely successful as his empire lost much of its land.
The Decline of the Byzantine Empire
- Food shortages and disease outbreaks were caused by issues with food imports and disease spread
- The Plague (disease) resulted in lower birth rates.
- The empire's decline was exacerbated by internal struggles and external threats (such as the rise of Islamic forces), leading to its slow decline towards the east.
- The empire became focused on the eastern regions.
- Volcanic eruptions affected the climate, causing significant disruptions.
Religious and Political Changes
- The Byzantine Empire's shift toward Greek and away from Latin influenced language and religious practices.
- Constantine's actions in defining Christian doctrine had implications for future emperors, establishing Caesaropapism -the doctrine that the emperor is head of the church-.
- Key terms associated with the doctrine of the empire being the head of the church include: Doctrine, Niceau, Caesaropapism, Caesar, Papism, and Papal Primacy.
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Description
Explore key events and figures of the Byzantine Empire, focusing on the impact of Constantine on Christianity and the reign of Justinian and Theodora. Discover how theology was shaped during this era and the significance of the Holy Trinity doctrine. Delve into the transformation of Christianity into a state religion and the imperial dynamics at play.
