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Questions and Answers

What best describes scikit-learn?

  • A library for natural language processing in Python
  • An advanced graphics library for data visualization
  • A database management system for handling large datasets
  • A Python module that contains machine learning libraries and sample data (correct)

Why is the target variable not scaled in feature scaling?

  • It is always a continuous variable
  • Scaling does not affect the performance of the model
  • It would lead to loss of information
  • The range of categorical values is already small (correct)

What is the main purpose of splitting data into training and test datasets?

  • To reduce the complexity of the model
  • To improve the speed of model training
  • To ensure the model's accuracy can be validated on unseen data (correct)
  • To enhance memory usage during computation

In logistic regression, what key statistical concept provides the basis for estimating parameters?

<p>Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the sigmoid function accomplish in the context of logistic regression?

<p>It outputs a binary outcome from probabilities (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of using NumPy over Pandas for certain tasks?

<p>NumPy is more suited for large datasets with high-dimensional arrays. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the Adaline algorithm primarily differ from the perceptron?

<p>Adaline uses a linear activation function for predictions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of a decision boundary in classification algorithms?

<p>To classify new data based on trained features. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines hyperparameters in a machine learning context?

<p>They are set by the analyst prior to model training. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of computing the covariance matrix in PCA?

<p>To understand how the variables vary together (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding Gradient Descent?

<p>Gradient Descent can find optimal weights using the gradient of a cost function. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do eigenvalues signify in the context of PCA?

<p>The magnitude of variance in a given direction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic distinguishes Stochastic Gradient Descent from regular Gradient Descent?

<p>SGD updates weights after each individual observation. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are principal components in PCA selected?

<p>By selecting the top eigenvectors sorted by their corresponding eigenvalues (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Holdout Method involve in training machine learning models?

<p>It involves dividing the dataset into training and testing sets (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a perceptron primarily used for in machine learning?

<p>To classify data into two classes based on features. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the function of a bias unit in a neural network?

<p>It adjusts the output separately from the weights. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of K-fold cross-validation?

<p>To reduce overfitting by providing a more accurate model (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does grid-search tuning involve?

<p>Testing various combinations of hyperparameters systematically (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is soft voting in ensemble learning?

<p>Averaging the predicted probabilities of all classes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is bagging in the context of ensemble methods?

<p>Creating multiple samples of the training data to enhance score stability (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the autocorrelation function (ACF) measure?

<p>The correlation between a time series and its own past values. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the defining characteristic of a white noise process?

<p>Its values are randomly distributed and uncorrelated. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between Mean Squared Error (MSE) and Mean Absolute Error (MAE) in evaluating model performance?

<p>MSE penalizes larger errors more than MAE due to squaring differences. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What kind of model should be used if the current value of a time series depends only on past error terms?

<p>MA(q) model (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by the serializing of trained scikit-learn models?

<p>Converting models into a format suitable for saving and loading. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using the Partial Autocorrelation Function (PACF)?

<p>To determine the order of an AR model. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a token in Natural Language Processing (NLP)?

<p>An individual word or a group of characters in a string. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which model combines both the AR and MA components?

<p>ARMA(p, q) model (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What best describes a weak learner in machine learning?

<p>A model that is slightly better than random guessing. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes K-Means++ from traditional K-Means clustering?

<p>K-Means++ selects initial centroids in a smarter way to improve convergence. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Elbow method in clustering?

<p>To determine the optimal number of clusters by finding a point of diminishing returns. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the concept of a dendrogram?

<p>A tree-like diagram that shows the arrangement of clusters formed through hierarchical clustering. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes RANSAC from other regression techniques?

<p>RANSAC iteratively selects subsets of the dataset to identify a robust model. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of regression analysis, what is regularization primarily used for?

<p>To prevent overfitting by penalizing large coefficients. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes Agglomerative clustering?

<p>A method that defines clusters by merging them based on similarity. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the correlation matrix provide in the context of data analysis?

<p>A summary of the relationships between multiple variables. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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