Butuan vs. Limasawa: First Mass Controversy
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Questions and Answers

What was the general direction Pigafetta's expedition sailed from Mazaua to Canigao?

  • North by Northwest
  • East by Northeast
  • West by Northwest (correct)
  • South by Southeast
  • According to the passage, what islands did the expedition pass after leaving Mazaua, before arriving at Gatighan?

  • Bohol, Canigao, Camotes
  • Ceylon, Bohol, Canighan, Baibai (correct)
  • Canigao, Camotes, Baibai
  • Ceylon, Camotes, Baibai, Gatighan
  • What was significant about the Spanish ships compared to the native balanghai during the voyage?

  • The Spanish ships were much faster, exciting the King of Mazaua. (correct)
  • The Spanish ships were much larger and could carry more cargo.
  • The balanghai were better equipped for navigating shallow waters.
  • The balanghai were faster and more maneuverable.
  • Based on the provided text, what was the duration of the expedition's stay on Mazaua Island?

    <p>Seven days (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why did Magellan name the archipelago the 'Islands of Saint Lazarus'?

    <p>Because they sighted the islands on a Sunday in the Lenten season when the Gospel reading was about the raising of Lazarus. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If Pigafetta's account is accurate, which of the following statements is NOT true about the journey from Mazaua to Cebu?

    <p>The expedition sailed directly to Cebu from Gatighan without stopping elsewhere. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary reason Magellan renamed Homonhon Island as the 'Watering Place of Good Omen'?

    <p>Because they discovered springs of fresh water and indications of gold on the island. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be inferred about Pigafetta's understanding of the geography of the region when he sailed past Ceylon and Baibai?

    <p>He believed them to be separate islands, but they were actually part of Leyte. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Approximately how long did Magellan's expedition stay at Homonhon Island?

    <p>Eight days (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What conclusion can be drawn about the relative locations of Mazaua, Gatighan and Cebu?

    <p>Mazaua is south of Gatighan, and Gatighan is northeast of Cebu. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant event happened to Pigafetta as the expedition prepared to leave Homonhon Island?

    <p>He fell into the water and was rescued. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Given the provided details, what was the primary purpose of stopping at the Camotes Islands during the voyage from Mazaua to Zubu (Cebu)?

    <p>To allow the king of Mazaua’s boat to catch up with the faster Spanish ships. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    After leaving Homonhon, which direction did Magellan's expedition initially sail?

    <p>West southwest (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following islands is believed to be a misspelling of 'Ceilon' or 'Seilani' in Pigafetta's account?

    <p>Cenalo (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the natives promise to bring Magellan's crew after their initial meeting on Homonhon?

    <p>Rice and other supplies (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the modern-day name of the island referred to as 'Humumu' where Magellan's crew set up tents for the sick?

    <p>Homonhon (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the Magellan expedition's route after leaving Mazaua, according to the provided content?

    <p>They navigated northwest through the Canigao channel, then north along Leyte's east coast, west to the Camotes Group, and southwest to Cebu. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primary purpose do Pigafetta's maps serve in the context of identifying islands mentioned in his narrative?

    <p>Establishing the relative positions and sizes of the islands he encountered. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Pigafetta's maps, where is Mazaua (Mazzana) located in relation to other islands?

    <p>Off the southwestern tip of Leyte (Ceilon), east of Bohol. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be inferred from the orientation of Pigafetta's maps, which are drawn facing South?

    <p>It reflects Pigafetta's initial sailing direction from Samar. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Based on Pigafetta's maps, what is the significance of 'Aguada ly boni segnaly' in relation to Humunu (Homonhon)?

    <p>It describes the island as a place with good landmarks or references. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do Pigafetta's maps depict the island of Mindanao, and what notable geographic features are indicated?

    <p>Showing a deep indentation on the northern shore, recognizably Panguil Bay. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If Pigafetta's map labels the islands near Mazaua as Polon, Pozon, and Ticobon, to what island group do these likely correspond?

    <p>The Camotes Islands. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Given the placement of Mazaua in Pigafetta's map, what can be concluded about its geographic correspondence to a present-day island?

    <p>It corresponds roughly to the location of Limasawa Island. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    On Pigafetta's map of Mindanao, what settlements are shown bordering the Pacific Ocean on the eastern side?

    <p>Butuan, Calagan, and Benasan. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary reason for the shift in historical opinion from Butuan to Limasawa as the location of the first mass?

    <p>A more careful examination of primary sources like Pigafetta's account and Albo's log. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why might attributing the shift in opinion solely to Blair and Robertson be an oversimplification?

    <p>The shift began with the work of Father Pablo Pastells, who predates much of Blair and Robertson's influence. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role did Father Pablo Pastells play in the re-evaluation of the site of the first mass in the Philippines?

    <p>He facilitated a more attentive study of primary sources through his scholarly work and publications. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did Pastells' access to archives and libraries contribute to his influence on historical perspectives?

    <p>It provided him with a wealth of resources to analyze and reinterpret historical events. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which geographic area did Pastells primarily focus on during his time as a missionary in the Philippines?

    <p>Mindanao, particularly its Pacific coast and northern coast. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the significance of Pastells' role as Superior of the Jesuit Mission in the Philippines?

    <p>It placed him in a leadership position with influence over education and scholarly activities of the Jesuit order. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did Pastells contribute to the study of Philippine history after returning to Barcelona?

    <p>By collecting documents and publishing extensively on Philippine history. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which publication by Pastells directly involved re-editing the work of another Jesuit historian, providing a platform for his historical interpretations?

    <p>His three-volume edition of Colin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these descriptions align with the island of Limasawa?

    <p>It is positioned at a latitude of approximately 9 and two-thirds degrees North. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of Antonio Pigafetta's account, Primo viaggio intorno al mondo, in understanding Magellan's expedition?

    <p>It offers a contemporary perspective as Pigafetta was a direct participant and eyewitness to the events. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Based on the text, how does the account of Albo differ from that of Pigafetta regarding the events at Mazava/Limasawa?

    <p>Albo does not mention the first Mass but notes the planting of a cross, whereas Pigafetta documents both. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What evidence from Pigafetta's account is used to reconstruct the route taken by the Magellan expedition?

    <p>Following the day-by-day events and geographical details recorded by Pigafetta. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the details provided, what was the initial landmark sighted by Magellan's expedition on March 16, 1521, and how far was it from the Ladrones Islands?

    <p>A high land named Zamal, about 300 leagues westward. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the text utilize geographical details to support the claim that Limasawa was the site of the first Mass?

    <p>By comparing the latitude of Limasawa with Pigafetta's record and noting the visibility of islands. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Based on the text, what were Magellan's vessels doing at Gada/Homonhon?

    <p>Replenishing their supply of water and wood. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Between what dates does Pigafetta's account cover the events in the Philippine Archipelago, specifically from the first sighting to landing in Cebu?

    <p>From March 16 to April 7, 1521. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Gada Island

    Identified as the island of Homonhon where Magellan's expedition took supplies.

    Seilani Island

    Coasted by Magellan's expedition; identified as Leyte in the Philippines.

    Mazava Island

    Small island identified with Limasawa, at 9 and two-thirds degrees North latitude.

    First Mass

    An event described by Pigafetta, marking the first mass held in the Philippine islands.

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    Pigafetta's Account

    Detailed eyewitness narrative of the Magellan expedition entitled 'First Voyage Around the World.'

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    Route to Cebu

    The path taken by Magellan's expedition from the Pacific Ocean to Cebu.

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    Omission Argument

    Analyzing what is missing from Pigafetta's account to draw conclusions about the voyage.

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    Limasawa

    Island where the first mass was held, located near the southern tip of Leyte.

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    Shift in Opinion

    The change in historical belief from Butuan to Limasawa.

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    Butuan Tradition

    The longstanding belief that Butuan was the first landing site in the Philippines.

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    Emma Blair and James A. Robertson

    American historians who published documents that influenced Philippine history views.

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    Father Pablo Pastells

    Spanish Jesuit scholar pivotal in shifting opinion towards Limasawa.

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    Jesuit Mission

    Religious mission that Father Pastells led in the Philippines.

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    Albo's Log

    Another primary source that contributed to the shift towards Limasawa.

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    Archive of Indias

    The historical repository from which Pastells gathered documents.

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    Humumu Island

    An uninhabited island where Magellan's crew set up tents for the sick.

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    Islands of Saint Lazarus

    The name given by Magellan to the archipelago on 17 March due to its significance during Lent.

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    Watering Place of Good Omen

    New name given to Homonhon Island due to its water springs and indications of gold.

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    17 March

    The date when Magellan named the archipelago and began their stay on Homonhon.

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    Food Supplies

    Items promised by local natives after exchanging gifts with Magellan.

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    25 March

    The date when the expedition left Homonhon, coinciding with the Feast of the Annunciation.

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    Pigafetta

    A crew member who documented the expedition and survived an accident on 25 March.

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    Cenalo

    A misspelled name in manuscripts thought to refer to the island of Leyte.

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    Hobuson

    An island east of Leyte's southern tip mentioned by Pigafetta.

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    Ceylon and Baibai

    Two names Pigafetta believed to be separate islands but are parts of Leyte.

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    Canighan

    An island off the southwestern tip of Leyte, identified as Canigao on modern maps.

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    Gatighan

    An uncertain identity island that lies between Mazaua and Cebu.

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    Camotes Islands

    Group of three islands including Poro, Pasihan, and Ponson.

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    Cebu (Zubu)

    The harbor entered by Magellan's expedition on 7 April.

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    Magellan expedition route

    The path taken from Mazaua to Cebu as described by Pigafetta.

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    Pigafetta's Map

    Diagrams by Pigafetta depicting various islands mentioned in his narrative.

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    Mazaua

    A small island noted in Pigafetta's map near southern Leyte.

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    Irge Island

    Also referred to as Samar, shown on Pigafetta's map as 'Zzamal'.

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    Bohol

    An island located near Mazaua to the west.

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    Mindanao

    A large island shown in Pigafetta's map as 'Maguindanao'.

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    Cippit

    A location marked on Pigafetta's map near Panguil Bay.

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    Panguil Bay

    A deep indentation on the northern shore of Mindanao.

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    Southern Leyte

    The larger island known as Ceilon in Pigafetta's map.

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    Legazpi Expedition Date

    The Legazpi expedition sailed into Philippine waters in 1565, 44 years after Magellan.

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    Mazaua Location

    Mazaua was identified as an island near Leyte, not Butuan in Mindanao.

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    Panaon

    Panaon is a separate island near Leyte, mentioned during the Legazpi Expedition.

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    Butuan

    Butuan is located on the island of Mindanao, distinct from Mazaua.

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    Magellan's Itinerary

    Magellan's expedition did not go to Butuan or anywhere on Mindanao.

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    Dumagsa Wind

    The Dumagsa is the strong east wind prevalent in March and April in the region.

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    Geography Importance

    Geography influenced Magellan's choice to stop at Mazaua over larger islands.

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    Legazpi's Encounter

    Legazpi's ships found Mazaua's inhabitants hostile due to past Portuguese actions.

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    Study Notes

    The Shift in Opinion Regarding Butuan and Limasawa

    • The Butuan tradition, that the first mass was held there, was entrenched for three centuries.
    • Spanish Jesuit scholar Pablo Pastells, in his research, rediscovered and studied key sources like Pigafetta's account and Albo's logbook. This led to a reassessment of the traditional view.
    • Pastells's earlier work with Retana on editions of Combes did not challenge the Butuan tradition.
    • Pastells's later work on Colin's Labor evangelica led to the realization of the error in the longstanding Butuan tradition.
    • The shift in opinion was partly due to the works of Americans Emma Blair and James Alexander Robertson (55-volume collection).

    Pablo Pastells

    • Born in 1846 in Figueras, Spain.
    • Joined the Jesuit order at age 15.
    • Ordained in 1871.
    • Served as a missionary in the Philippines from 1875 to 1888.
    • Became Superior of the entire Jesuit Mission in the Philippines (1888-1893)
    • Extensive research and collection of documents from the Archivo de Indias in Seville.
    • Published significant works on Philippine history and Jesuit missions.

    Evidence for Limasawa

    • Albo's Logbook: Provides crucial details about the Magellan expedition's route, including the arrival at an island (Mazaua). Key facts include the seven days at Mazaua, and confirming evidence from the Legazpi expedition.
    • Pigafetta's account and map: Pigafetta gives testimony regarding the route, map data, and details about the island of Mazaua. Accounts of the natives, kings, and events are discussed.
    • Pigafetta's account also includes the seven days at Mazaua
    • Pigafetta's testimony and map: Highlights locations, inhabitants, and events within the expedition.

    Summary of the Evidence

    • The evidence from Albo's logbook and Pigafetta's account strongly suggests that the first mass by Magellan was held in Limasawa rather than Butuan.

    Why the Butuan tradition persisted

    • The Butuan tradition might have arisen in Europe, possibly due to secondhand claims of Maximilian or Transylvania.
    • Research by scholars such as Pastells, however, challenged the tradition.
    • The Butuan tradition was based on secondhand information which was copied and distorted over time.

    Confirmation of Limasawa as the first mass site

    • Magellan's expeditionary route does not go to Butuan.
    • Pigafetta's and Albo's accounts both confirm Limasawa
    • Both documents show that the expedition went to Limasawa first, then other islands.

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    Description

    The shift in opinion regarding the site of the first mass in the Philippines, traditionally held in Butuan, was influenced by Spanish Jesuit scholar Pablo Pastells's research. His study of Pigafetta's account and Albo's logbook led to a reassessment. American scholars Blair and Robertson also contributed to the changing view.

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