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Questions and Answers
Which type of tube is used for venous blood sampling with or without separator gel?
What color is the tube that contains EDTA for blood sampling?
In capillary blood sampling, where is the most common site of puncture?
Which type of tube is used for collecting blood samples from patients with no suitable vein for puncture?
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Which type of tube is commonly used for laboratory diagnostic tests and may contain a separator gel?
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What should not be used for blood sampling because it causes hemolysis and can mix the sample with tissue fluid?
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Why is it important to bring the blood sample to the laboratory as soon as possible?
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Which special tool is required for venous blood sampling to prevent needle stick accidents?
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How long can blood samples containing EDTA anticoagulant be stored before sending them to the laboratory?
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Which type of serum tube is used for separating serum from blood cells?
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Why is pre-cooling of the blood sample tube required in the case of ACTH?
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What is the main purpose of using a butterfly needle in venous blood sampling?
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Which type of tube aims at detecting ammonium and is used for molecular diagnostic tests like PCR?
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Which type of tube contains SiO2 particles for activation of coagulation and is used for medical chemical tests?
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Which tube is used for glucose and lactate tests and must contain stabilizator (NaF) to inhibit glycolysis?
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Which tube is used for testing the sedimentation speed of blood cells and contains 3.3% Na-citrate solution?
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Which tube is additive-free and used for blood group serology and body fluid tests?
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Which type of tube contains silicone coating to prevent red blood cells from adhering to the walls?
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Which of the following tubes aims at stabilizing the sample using anticoagulants like EDTA and prevents coagulation by Ca2+ binding?
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'Tube with separator gel' is used for which procedures?
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'Serum tube' aims at preventing what from adhering to the wall of the tube?
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What is the purpose of a 'native tube' in venous blood sampling?
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Study Notes
Blood Sample Storage and Handling
- Blood samples should be protected from strong light, especially light-sensitive samples like bilirubin, vitamin D, vitamin A, vitamin B12, and vitamin B6.
- Blood samples should be brought to the laboratory as soon as possible to avoid distortion of results.
Storage Time and Mode
- Blood samples containing K+, ACTH, cortisol, catecholamines, LDH, and homocysteine should be stored and separated within two hours to avoid analyte exchange between RBC and the liquid phase.
- Citrated blood samples should be stored at room temperature for 4 hours.
- Blood samples containing EDTA anticoagulant should be sent to the laboratory within 6 hours.
- Blood samples for blood gas tests should be examined promptly within a maximum of 15 minutes, or immediately placed on ice, and can be stored in anaerobic conditions for a maximum of an hour in icy water.
- Samples should be placed and transported on ice: ACTH, homocysteine, and ammonium.
Special Tools Required for Venous Blood Sampling
- Strangulator (reusable and disposable) with fixing device and fixing-free device.
- Spike with rubber cover, venipuncture needle, needle cover, and spike cover.
- Venipuncture needle with active safety system to prevent needle stick accidents.
- Butterfly needle with a flexible tube connector and wings for firm grip and easy attachment.
- Haemoculture bottles, separator gel-free and additive-free native tube (red, white), coagulation tube (blue), serum tube with or without separator gel (red), heparin tube (green), tube containing EDTA (purple), tube for glucose sampling (grey), and all other tubes (sedimentation).
Capillary Blood Sampling
- Used in cases where the patient has no suitable vein for puncture, or small amount of blood is needed for laboratory diagnostic tests.
- Site of puncture is commonly the fingertip, earlobe, or the heel for newborns and infants.
- Disposable, semi-automatic microspear is applied to prick the skin fold forming the fingerprint perpendicularly in lateral direction from the middle of the fingertip.
Blood Sampling Tubes
- Native tube (white) for blood group serology, body fluid tests, and puncture examination.
- Serum tube with silicone coating to prevent red blood cells adhering to the tube wall and containing SiO2 particles for activation of coagulation.
- Serum tube with separator gel (SiO2 sputter) for medical chemical tests, microbiological serological parameters, and immunology.
- Tube with purple plug (EDTA) for hematological tests, detecting ammonium, and molecular diagnostic tests (PCR, polymerase chain reaction).
- Tube with green plug (heparin, plasma) for acid-base parameters, blood gas analysis, osmotic fragility, chromosome tests, and ammonium tests.
- Tube with grey plug (glucose) for glucose and lactate tests, containing a stabilizer (NaF) for inhibition of glycolysis.
- Tube with blue plug (citrate, blue) for hemostasis tests, containing 3.2% and 3.8% citrate solution.
- Tube with black plug (sedimentation tube) for testing the sedimentation speed of blood cells based on the Westergren method.
- Sample waste tube, additive-free, for taking the first sample and pre-filling the wire of the winged needle.
Order of Sampling Tubes
- According to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI), the order of charge of tubes is as follows:
- Blood culture tube
- Serum tube
- Plasma tube
- Heparin tube
- EDTA tube
- Citrate tube
- Glucose tube
- Sedimentation tube
- Sample waste tube
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Description
Learn about the Butterfly needle, commonly used in superficial and vulnerable vein puncture, especially in pediatric and elder care. Understand the special tools required for venous blood sampling and the safety measures associated with using this type of needle.
