Business Management: Budgeting and Sales

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Questions and Answers

How can mild or warm autumn months affect sales levels?

  • Sales will be unaffected regardless of autumn weather.
  • Sales may not reach expected levels. (correct)
  • Sales will remain the same as previous years.
  • Sales will definitely increase.

What do budgets allow a business to understand better?

  • How to guarantee sales increases.
  • How to eliminate all costs.
  • How to disregard variances.
  • How costs impact profit. (correct)

What action might management take if sales forecasts are disappointing?

  • Implement a marketing campaign to boost sales. (correct)
  • Cut down production rates dramatically.
  • Ignore the forecasts.
  • Increase the price of products immediately.

Why are budgets considered a useful management tool?

<p>They help in forecasting, planning, and control. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential risk of allowing customers to buy on credit?

<p>Some customers may fail to pay their debts. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the budgeted total revenue figure with credit for Kyriakides Ltd?

<p>£3,339,189 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What may happen if companies do not coordinate their departments effectively?

<p>Operational issues may arise. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of variances in budgeting?

<p>To measure performance and take corrective action. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential issue when opening a new store in a competitive area?

<p>The company might not accurately predict local competition reactions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why might customer loyalty to existing stores impact a new store's sales?

<p>Loyal customers may resist change and not try the new store. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does seasonal variation have on sales figures?

<p>Seasonal factors can cause fluctuations in sales performance. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an advantage of rejecting finished goods that are not perfect?

<p>It assures that the remaining goods are of high quality. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a disadvantage of rejecting finished goods?

<p>It leads to waste of resources including materials and labor. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How might changes in technology influence sales levels?

<p>Technology changes may lead to unpredictable sales outcomes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should companies consider to avoid wasting capital when rejecting finished goods?

<p>Calculate the cost of quality control measures. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factor should not be ignored when evaluating sales estimates?

<p>The falling value of money over time. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What benefit does budgeting provide in relation to management pay decisions?

<p>It helps forecast the impact of costs on profit. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can a business respond if forecasted sales are lower than expected?

<p>Initiate a marketing campaign to boost sales. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do budgets play in performance measurement?

<p>They act as a yardstick to measure employee performance. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential concern regarding holding a high inventory value for a company?

<p>It could lead to cash flow issues. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of coordinating different departments within a company regarding budgets?

<p>It ensures smoother operational execution. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why might a company worry about the value of parts in its inventory?

<p>Parts could become obsolete due to technological changes. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential drawback of ZimbaPower Electrical Limited's budgeting process based on their previous experience?

<p>They lack experience with the new store in Naniuke. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What could be a possible consequence of having a high value of inventory in terms of security?

<p>An increased risk of theft due to its value. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary advantage of using flexible budgets for Glowtherme plc?

<p>They allow management to take action based on variances. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why might flexible budgets save Glowtherme plc time and money?

<p>They help management focus on specific output levels. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a limitation of budgeting as identified in the content?

<p>Forecasts based on budgets may be unrealistic. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What potential issue does Glowtherme plc face in predicting sales volume?

<p>They are a new company with uncertain predictions. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What could be a consequence of setting production targets too high for Jolly Pyeman plc?

<p>Demotivation of staff. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which situation exemplifies a lack of management control in budget forecasts?

<p>Seasonal sales fluctuations due to weather. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What impact does a flexible budget have on employee motivation at Glowtherme plc?

<p>It can improve motivation through realistic targets. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential negative consequence of Narayang's policy of selling on credit?

<p>It could result in bad debts. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one challenge faced by Jolly Pyeman plc when planning based on budgets?

<p>Some costs are beyond management's control. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one benefit of producing ovens for expected sales rather than actual orders?

<p>It allows customers to receive their orders promptly. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What might happen after the first two months of business regarding cash flow?

<p>Receipts will total £25,632 while payments are £12,600. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a risk associated with producing ovens based on expected orders?

<p>Stock may remain unsold, leading to potential financial loss. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How might Narayang improve its financial terms with suppliers in the future?

<p>By proving to be a regular and reliable customer. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What might be a consequence of high levels of product rejection?

<p>The company should investigate the cause of rejection. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one reason Sunny Kipwat might consider paying a lower rate to his workers?

<p>To achieve a profit target of £2,000 per month. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a possible disadvantage of lowering labor rates?

<p>Decreased worker motivation leading to low morale. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why might Narayang Doors Ltd have little choice in determining trade payable terms?

<p>Supplier terms could be mandated due to Narayang's new status. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one advantage of the cash budgeting method employed by Narayang?

<p>It creates a simple working capital cycle. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What might happen if Narayang waits longer to collect sales receipts than they take to pay suppliers?

<p>They may face cash flow issues. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What would be a reasonable approach for Sunny Kipwat to increase profits aside from lowering labor costs?

<p>Reduce fixed costs through negotiation. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a concern for Sunny Kipwat when paying lower rates to workers?

<p>Immediate increase in business housing costs. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Flexible Budget: How does it aid decision making?

Flexible budgets allow for comparisons of costs and revenues at different output levels, providing a more accurate measure of performance.

Flexible Budget: What's a potential downside?

Adjusting budgets based on actual output levels can be time-consuming and expensive, leading to unnecessary costs for a company.

Benefits of Budgeting: How does it aid planning?

Budgets can help businesses plan for the future by setting targets and forecasting potential outcomes. This can improve strategic decision-making and resource allocation.

Benefits of Budgeting: How does it boost motivation?

Budgets can motivate employees by setting realistic targets and fostering a sense of accountability. When employees understand the goals and their roles in achieving them, they are more likely to be engaged and productive.

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Budgeting for Forecasting: What does it involve?

Forecasting sales and revenue is crucial for businesses, enabling accurate planning of production, inventory, and other critical aspects of operations.

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Budgeting Challenges: How does seasonality affect forecasts?

Weather and seasonal changes can significantly impact businesses, making forecasts less reliable and creating challenges in planning and budgeting effectively.

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Budgeting Challenges: What are the limitations of control?

Control over costs can be a challenge for businesses as some elements are beyond their direct control. External factors like market trends, supplier prices, and economic conditions can have a significant impact.

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Budgeting for Inventory: What's the importance?

Managing inventory effectively is critical for businesses. Planning for inventory levels and ensuring sufficient capacity to meet projected sales demands is essential for successful operations.

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What are budgets?

An informed guess about future revenues and expenses, helping businesses plan and make decisions.

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How are budgets helpful for monitoring?

Budgets can be used to monitor actual performance against planned goals. This helps identify areas where the business is exceeding or falling short of expectations.

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What does budget analysis reveal?

Budgeting helps businesses understand how expenses impact profits. It allows managers to analyze different cost levels and their effect on the bottom line.

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How do budgets facilitate teamwork?

Budgets promote coordination and communication between departments. For example, the sales and marketing department must align their plans with the production department to ensure sufficient product availability.

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What is the motivational role of budgets?

Budgets can incentivize staff to achieve specific targets, motivating them to work towards common goals. It provides a clear measurement of success and helps align individual efforts with the overall company goals.

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What is the potential risk of allowing customer credit?

When offering credit, businesses must consider the risk of customers failing to make payments. This can lead to bad debts, increased administrative costs, and legal expenses.

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What is the flexibility of budgets?

Budgets can be reviewed and adjusted based on changing market conditions and unforeseen events. This ensures the business remains adaptable and responsive to unexpected changes.

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What are the potential consequences of bad debts?

The possibility that customers who buy on credit might not pay can lead to bad debts, legal costs, and other financial losses. This can harm the company's financial health and profitability.

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What is the purpose of budgeting?

Budgets are essential tools for planning, control, and coordination within a business. They help companies forecast costs and profits, set targets, and ensure departments work together effectively.

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What are variances in budgeting?

Variances are the differences between budgeted and actual results. Analyzing these variances helps businesses understand why performance deviates from expectations and take corrective actions.

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How do budgets act as a performance yardstick?

Budgets act as a benchmark for measuring performance. By comparing actual results to budget targets, management can assess efficiency and identify areas needing improvement.

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What are the potential downsides of high inventory levels?

High inventory levels can lead to increased storage costs, insurance bills, and security risks. It also ties up cash flow, potentially hindering bill payments.

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How can a company use existing data to estimate budgets for a new location?

A company can use historical data from similar existing stores to estimate sales and costs for a new location, but these figures may not be completely accurate.

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Why is it important to evaluate the accuracy of budget estimates?

Accurate estimates are crucial for effective budgeting. However, external factors such as changes in consumer behavior or market conditions can impact the accuracy of these estimates.

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What challenges might exist when using existing data to estimate budgets for a new store?

Utilizing data from existing stores to estimate figures for a new location can be helpful, but new stores often face unique challenges and uncertainties that may make predictions less reliable.

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Why is it essential to consider both arguments for and against a decision?

It's important to consider both for and against arguments when evaluating a situation. This ensures a more comprehensive and balanced analysis.

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Why rejecting finished goods helps maintain brand image?

The company ensures that the goods sold are of high quality, maintaining a positive brand image and avoiding damage to the brand name.

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What are the financial consequences of rejecting finished goods?

Rejected goods represent wasted resources, including materials and labor, leading to a loss of capital and financial resources.

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Why is rejecting finished goods crucial for brand image?

The company ensures that goods sold are of high quality, safeguarding the brand name and preventing damage to its reputation.

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Why is maintaining brand integrity essential in the fragrance market?

The company ensures that goods sold are of high quality, which is especially important in the fragrance market where brand reputation carries a premium price.

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What factors should be considered when making sales predictions?

The company needs to consider competition, technology changes, economic cycles, customer loyalty, and seasonal factors when making sales predictions.

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Why is it crucial to consider the falling value of money over time?

The company needs to consider the time value of money, taking into account inflation and how purchasing power diminishes over time.

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How do seasonal variations affect sales?

The company needs to consider seasonal variations in demand, as sales can fluctuate depending on the time of year.

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Why is accurate sales prediction important for a business?

Accurate sales prediction is essential for efficient resource allocation, production planning, and financial management.

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Producing for Expected Sales: Risk

When a business produces goods in advance of customer orders, there is a risk that some stock may remain unsold, leading to costs associated with storage and tying up working capital.

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Producing for Expected Sales: Benefit

By producing for expected sales, a company can ensure that it has enough stock to meet customer demand quickly. This can prevent delays and customer dissatisfaction.

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Producing for Expected Sales: Seasonal Demand

Seasonal fluctuations in customer demand can make it difficult to predict how much to produce. This can lead to either stock shortages or excess inventory.

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Producing for Actual Orders: Fluctuating Demand

Producing only for actual orders can cause production to fluctuate, especially if demand is unpredictable. It may be difficult to keep up with sudden increases in orders.

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Producing for Expected Sales: Delays

If delays occur in production, it can have a significant impact on businesses. This can lead to customer dissatisfaction and lost sales, especially if customers have to wait for their orders.

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What does a high rejection rate suggest?

A high rejection rate indicates that the inspection process is thorough and effective, potentially suggesting issues with material quality, labor skills, or machinery.

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Why is achieving a profit target crucial?

When a business has a profit target, it needs to take actions, such as adjusting labor costs, to ensure they meet their goals.

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How can cutting labor costs affect workers?

Cutting labor costs can negatively impact workers' morale and motivation, which can lead to a decrease in productivity.

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What is the advantage of Narayang Doors' payment cycle?

A shorter payment cycle, allowing Narayang Doors to collect sales receipts faster than they pay suppliers, results in a favorable working capital position.

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Why is a longer payment cycle beneficial for Narayang Doors?

A longer payment cycle helps Narayang Doors manage cash flow, especially as a new business.

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What is Narayang Doors' payment cycle?

Narayang Doors' payment cycle ensures that the payments are made after three weeks, while allowing trade receivables to pay after four weeks.

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How does Narayang Doors' longer payment cycle benefit suppliers?

A longer payment cycle allows suppliers to manage their own cash flow, helping Narayang Doors negotiate better supplier terms.

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What is a potential drawback of Narayang Doors' longer payment cycle for trade receivables?

Narayang Doors allows trade receivables to pay after four weeks, leading to a longer waiting period for receiving sales receipts. This could potentially create a cash flow challenge.

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Study Notes

Flexible Budgets for Glowtherme plc

  • Flexible budgets allow for comparing "like to like" (costs against revenues at the same sales or output levels), which is good for decision-making.
  • Drawing up multiple budgets at various output levels takes time, which could cost Glowtherme plc money.
  • Variances are more meaningful if volume elements are removed.
  • Flexible budgets can save time and money by allowing "management by exception," meaning management only needs to take action when variances occur at particular output or sales levels.
  • A new company, like Glowtherme plc, might not have precise predicted sales volume.
  • Creating a single budget for a possible output level might not fully reflect complexities.
  • Flexible budgets can improve employee motivation by offering realistic targets.
  • Budget figures are estimates, so actions based on them may be inappropriate or misleading.
  • Flexible budgets are a valuable tool for decision-making.

Budgets as a Tool for Jolly Pyeman plc

  • Budgets help management focus on future possibilities.
  • Budgets allow management to control activities directly, for instance, direct labor costs.
  • Budgets can be used for accurately forecasting future performance.
  • Budget accuracy can be impacted by limitations of management control, such as seasonal sales or external influences (like fluctuating commodity prices).
  • Forecasts can be unrealistic, demotivating staff.
  • Unpredictable factors (weather, commodity prices) can affect forecasts.
  • Some figures or costs may not change annually.
  • Budgets can help prevent overspending.

Budgets for Forecasting, Planning and Control

  • Budgets help to identify potential risks in forecasting.
  • Variability in future figures can affect planning.
  • Budgets provide a common framework for coordination across departments (purchasing, production, and logistics).
  • Remedial action can be taken based on variance analysis.
  • Budgets act as a benchmark for measuring performance.
  • Budgets ensure different departments are coordinated, integrated and controlled.
  • Budget figures are only forecasts which may be impossible to guarantee.
  • The company may need insurance for possible non-payments from customers.

Allowing Customers to Buy on Credit (Kyriakides Ltd)

  • Allowing customers to buy on credit may increase sales, potentially leading to more revenue.
  • However, some customers might not pay, creating financial risk.
  • The cost of non-payment is higher than the potential increase in revenue.
  • The increased revenue from sales on credit may not justify the possible non-payment risk for the company.
  • Allowing customers credit is a calculated risk.

Budgeting as a Management Tool (May 2024)

  • Budgets help in planning and control, as well as forecasting.
  • Preparing a budget involves forecasting and visualizing future outcomes.
  • Management may focus on sales levels and projected revenues.
  • Forecasts may not always be accurate or realistic (seasonal factors, unforeseen circumstances).
  • Production targets might be unrealistic, impacting staff morale.
  • Costs beyond company control (e.g., fluctuating input prices).
  • Budget figures are merely forecasts, not guarantees.

Rejecting Finished Goods

  • Rejecting damaged goods assures the company that goods in storage meet standards of merchantability and quality.
  • This is vital to maintain brand reputation.
  • Damage control helps enforce brand standards and reputation, particularly important in premium markets.
  • Not achieving quality standards can result in wasted materials and labor and/or capital, reducing profitability.

Sunny Kipwat's Profit Target

  • Sunny Kipwat aims for a £2,000 monthly profit.
  • The profitability depends on how workers are paid per tray.
  • Reducing labor rates could help meet targets but could demotivate or negatively affect workforce morale.
  • A reduction in staff wages may also impact workers' morale and willingness to meet high volume demands.

Paying Trade Payables and Receivables (Narayang Doors Ltd)

  • Narayang Doors allows a 3-week payment term for suppliers.
  • Customers pay within 4 weeks.
  • This may be necessary due to company size, or terms set by suppliers.
  • Paying suppliers later than customers impacts cash flow in the short term.
  • The company's cash flow might be negative immediately.
  • Offering better terms in the future might positively influence customer relations and supplier terms.
  • Selling on credit can lead to bad debt risks.

Producing Ovens for Expected Sales

  • Companies may decide to manufacture based on forecasted sales rather than order-by-order.
  • This strategy can avoid delays if demand is higher than projected.
  • However, unsold stock can create problems like warehousing costs and potential obsolescence, and tie up capital.
  • Production for anticipated demand might be a more sensible production strategy depending on how reliably forecasts are produced.

Brainboxxe Inventory

  • Brainboxxe plc has over £900,000 worth of inventory.
  • This large amount of inventory could be a problem for cash flow.
  • The high inventory value increases insurance premiums and poses a security risk (parts could be stolen).
  • Inventory obsolescence is another issue if the products become outdated.
  • Determining whether £900,000 is a significant amount for the company requires additional context.

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